Lecture 3

Question 1

What are nutrients used for ?

Answer 1

for metabolism and the production of energy

Question 2

What are the 6 nutrients ?

Answer 2

1.Carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

Question 3

What is ATP ?

Answer 3

the source of energy your body produces from food

Question 4

Macronutrients

Answer 4

nutrients the body needs in bigger amounts like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins (used for energy measured in calories)

Question 5

Micronutrients

Answer 5

nutrients the body needs in smaller amounts like vitamins and minerals ( regulates the metabolism )

Question 6

classification for carbohydrates

Answer 6

Simple :
monosaccharides
disaccharides
oligosaccharides

Complex:
polysaccharides

Question 7

What is added to a monosaccharide to create a disaccharide ?

Answer 7

glucose

Question 8

what do monosaccharides consist of ?

Answer 8

Glucose
Fructose
galactose
ribose

Question 9

what do disaccharides consist of ?

Answer 9

sucrose
maltose
lactose

Question 10

what do polysaccharides consist of ?

Answer 10

starch
cellulose
amylopectine
glycogen
amylose

Question 11

where is glycogen stored ?

Answer 11

in the liver and muscles

Question 12

hydrolysis

Answer 12

molecules breakup into glucose

Question 13

where is ribose found ?

Answer 13

in DNA

Question 14

where is fructose found ?

Answer 14

in fruits

Question 15

where is galactose found ?

Answer 15

in milk

Question 16

where is glucose found ?

Answer 16

sweet wine

Question 17

What is starch composed of and how is it broken down ?

Answer 17

composed of amylose and amylopectin and are broken down by our intestines

Question 18

Can cellulose be broken down ?

Answer 18

it cannot be digested by humans

Question 19

Pathway of cellulose

Answer 19

stomach
small intestine
large intestine
good bacteria

Question 20

how many units are in a monosaccharides ?

Answer 20

single units

Question 21

How many units are in a disaccharides ?

Answer 21

two units

Question 22

how many units are in a polysaccharides

Answer 22

many units

Question 23

dehydration

Answer 23

the removal of a water molecule to form a new covalent bond

Question 24

hydrolysis

Answer 24

reversed dehydration, so instead of removing water molecules, water molecules need to be added

Question 25

which of the following is a non-digestible polysaccharide ?
- glucose
-sucrose
- starch
-cellulose
-lactose

Question 26

monomers are put together into polymeric chains by reaction of :
-hydrolysis
-dehydration
-hydration
-hydrogenation

Question 27

What are proteins

Answer 27

consist of amino acids formed by peptide bonds

Question 28

peptide bonds

Answer 28

also known an amino bond formed between 2 amino acids (bond is. a. dehydration reaction)

Question 29

3 Peptide Classification

Answer 29

1. Dipeptide
2. Oligopeptide
3. Polypeptide

Question 30

dipeptide

Answer 30

2 amino acids

Question 31

oligopeptide

Answer 31

up to 20 amino acids

Question 32

polypeptide

Answer 32

over 20 amino acids

Question 33

Primary functions of a protein

Answer 33

-building tissue
-repairing tissue
-formation of enzymes
-fluid balance

Question 34

protein receptors

Answer 34

messenger molecules that start cell changes

Question 35

protein enzymes

Answer 35

proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Question 36

specific-shapped molecule

Answer 36

it will either fit with another molecule meaning reaction goes forward, if it doesn’t then nothing happens

function and job of each protein depends on its 3-D shape

Question 37

primary level of protein structure

Answer 37

structure dictates the function of the protein

Question 38

secondary level of protein structure

Answer 38

polypeptide chains are folded into either alpha helix or a beta

Question 39

tertiary level of protein structure

Answer 39

3-D configuration of the polypeptide corresponding to a specific protein giving it a basic function

Question 39

quaternary level of protein structure

Answer 39

protein is not always functional having a tertiary structure

to be functional many proteins need to be activated before they carry out their role in an organism

Question 39

Histology

Answer 39

study of tissues

Question 39

epithelium

Answer 39

composed of one or more layers of cells

classified by cell shape and arrangement.

Question 40

classification of tissues

Answer 40

1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscle
4. nervous