lecture 6

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus

Question 3

Prokaryotes characteristics

Answer 3

-do not have a nucleus
-DNA floating in cytoplasm
-much smaller
-ancient
more primitive

Question 4

cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 4

composed of a PL bilayer and membrane proteins

function is to separate the inside of the cell from the outside controlling the passing of molecules in and out of the cell

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

contains the DNA (the chromosomes)

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

produces ribosomes

Question 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

traps the RNA as it leaves the nucleus and serves as the meeting place between the RNA and ribosomes

Question 8

ribosomes

Answer 8

translate the RNA sequence into an AA sequence to complete 1 ry protein structure

Question 9

golgi apparatus

Answer 9

activates new proteins

Question 10

centrioles

Answer 10

2 structure that conduct cell division

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

produce most of the cell’s ATP’s in the presence of oxygen

Question 12

lysosomes

Answer 12

bubbles filled with digestive enzymes that break down large particles

Question 13

Vacuole

Answer 13

a container organelle

Question 14

Not true about prokaryotes

Answer 14

they are more anatomically complex than eukaryotes

Question 15

which of the following is considered a prokaryote

Answer 15

bacteria

Question 16

what do bacterial cells have that animal cells lack

Answer 16

cell wall

Question 17

surface proteins

Answer 17

identification of the cell, to be recognized by other cells

Question 18

gates or channels

Answer 18

allow molecules to move in and out of the cell

Question 19

receptors

Answer 19

when activated by the attachment of a hormone or any other messenger molecule they initiate a reaction inside the cell

Question 20

membrane transport

Answer 20

molecules will pass through the cell membrane through
-passive transport
-active transport

Question 21

passive transport

Answer 21

no effort required, no ATP’s consumed but involves tiny molecules migrating in or out of the cell by squeezing between the phospholipids of the cell membrane

Question 22

cytoplasmic membrane is composed of :

Answer 22

phospholipids and proteins

Question 23

cross membrane tansport requires ATP’s to be spent

Answer 23

Phagocytosis

Question 24

when molecules can spontaneously move across cell membrane

Answer 24

passive transport

Question 25

hypertonic

Answer 25

second solution has a HIGHER concentration than the reference solution

Question 26

hypotonic

Answer 26

second solution has a LOWER concentration than the reference solution

Question 27

isotonic

Answer 27

a solution has the SAME concentration as the reference solution

Question 28

simple diffusion

Answer 28

movement of particles across cellular membrane down the concentration gradient until equal equilibrium

Question 29

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 29

Transport of substance across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 30

Osmosis

Answer 30

diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution wit low salute concentration to a solution with higher solute concentration of fluid on both sides.

Question 31

oxygen moves from lung alveoli into blood by :

Answer 31

simple diffusion

Question 32

glucose moves from blood into cells by

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion

Question 33

water molecules move towards :

Answer 33

hypertonic solution

Question 34

The passive movement of water molecules is called :

Answer 34

osmosis

Question 35

active transport

Answer 35

in order to move molecules across the cell membrane the cell has to use some energy to do it

Question 36

what is not true about the protein pump

Answer 36

it happens spontaneously

Question 37

Similarity between protein pump and facilitated diffusion

Answer 37

both require require molecules passing through membrane protein

Question 39

respiratory system

Answer 39

known as the pulmonary system with organs involved in the intake and exchange of O2 and CO2

Question 40

main function of the respiratory system

Answer 40

gas exchange

Question 41

ventilation

Answer 41

the inflation and deflation that move the air in and out of the lungs

Question 42

nasal and oral cavity

Answer 42

where air can be brought in and out of the upper respiratory tract

Question 43

pharynx

Answer 43

the back of the throat

Question 44

epiglottis

Answer 44

the thin small elastic cartilaginous structure that folds to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea when swallowing

Question 45

pneumothorax

Answer 45

fluids or air accumulate in the pleural space

Question 46

atelectasia

Answer 46

the collapsed lung or a part of a lung