Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMB :) > lecture 11 > Flashcards

lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the DNA’s length

A

6 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What sections is the DNA library divided into

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 bases of DNA

A
  • Adenine
    -Thymine
    -Cytosine
    -Guanine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are genes a recipe for

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of

A

proteins and phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does Transcription occur

A

In the nucleus, copies DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does Translation occur

A

outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many chromosomes do we have ?

A

46 chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are chromosomes

A

pieces of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are chromosomes made

A

when DNA is cut, it recoils into chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a protein made up of

A

a sequence of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is a protein made

A

a gene in the DNA library is transcribed to make a copy of the gene (aka the mRNA)

mRNA leaves nucleus so that ribosomes can translate the mRNA into amino acids to make the protein structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The 4 properties of DNA

A

-replicate itself
-store information
-direct synthesis
-mutate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is DNA replication

A

the process of copying all of the cells genes to make a duplicate of the DNA library

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

During replication what gets fully replicated and what doesnt

A

centromere gets fully replicated

telomeres do no fully replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a telomere

A

the tips of the chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a centromere

A

the center of the chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are sex hormones proteins

A

no

19
Q

What happens to telomeres as they continue to duplicate

A

the telomere gets shorter and shorter

20
Q

What happens when a telomere is too short

A

the cell stops dividing and eventually dies

the shorter the telomere the more aging seen

21
Q

undifferentiated cells

A

no specific function, their telomeres never shorten so there no limit to cell division

cancerous cells mixed with normal ones

22
Q

differentiated cells

A

cannot keep their telomere at its original length, eventually reaches their limit for cell division and dies.

aggressive cancerous cells

23
Q

what part of the cell cycle does cell division occur in

A

M-phase (cell splits in two parts )

24
Q

What is Mitosis

A

the division of 1 nucleus into 2 nuclei

25
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

splitting a cell with 2 nuclei into 2 separate daughter cells

26
Q

What are the 4 steps of Mitosis

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
27
Q

What occurs in Prophase

A

remember chromosomes are in the middle

centrioles double and move to opposite ends of nucleus

centrioles form spindle fibers that attach to the nuclear membrane

spindle fibers pull apart and nucleus disappears

spindle fibers attach themselves to the exposed chromosomes

28
Q

What occurs in Metaphase

A

spindle fibers continue pulling exposed chromosomes

chromosomes align

29
Q

What occurs in Anaphase

A

centromeres of all chromosomes replicate causing the chromosome to split in half

spindle fibers keep pulling, causing separated daughter cells to gather at opposite parts of the cell

30
Q

What occurs in Telophase

A

Spindle fibers disappear

New nuclear membrane reforms around each new set of daughter chromosomes at opposite poles of the cell

1 cell with 2 nuclei

31
Q

What occurs during cytokenesis

A

Occurs right after telophase

Cytoplasmic membrane starts to pinch opposite sides to separate the 2 nuclei until they become 2 complete daughter cells

32
Q

what is interphase

A

the resting phase

33
Q

What is the epidermis

A

the top layer of the skin

34
Q

What is the top layer of the epidermis called

A

Stratum corneum, which is composed of dead epithelial cells filled with Keratin

35
Q

What is the Dermis

A

2nd layer, aka the active layer of skin containing :
-blood vessels
-nerve endings
-hair follicle
-oil glands
-sweat glands

36
Q

What is the Hypodermis

A

3rd layer, composed of areolar or adipose tissue connecting the skin to the muscle

37
Q

What are the functions of the skin

A

-protect organism from microbes and dehydration
-body temp regulation
-collection of sensory information
-production of vitamin d
-excretion of electrolytes
-absorption of some fat-soluble substances

38
Q

What are Decubitus Ulcers

A

Pressure sores, or bed sores

develop when pressure is applied to a part of the body for a long period of time

39
Q

How many stages are there in bed sores

A

4 & it depends on the number of tissue layers affected

40
Q

Stage 1 of bed sores

A

only the epidermis is involved

41
Q

Stage 2 of bed sores

A

epidermis & dermis disintegrated

42
Q

stage 3 of bed sores

A

involves the pink muscle at the bottom of the ulcer

43
Q

Stage 4 of bed sores

A

involves all layers of tissue all the way to the bone

EMB :) (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions