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Continuing Studies > Bulgaria, Romania, etc > Flashcards

Bulgaria, Romania, etc Flashcards

1
Q

What are Bulgaria’s 2 EU-recognized PGIs?

A

Danubian Plains
Thracian Lowlands

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2
Q

What native varieties are widely planted in the Danubian Plains?

A

Gamza (Kadarka)
Pamid

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3
Q

Top indigenous grape for Thracian Lowlands

A

Mavrud

(Danubian plains = Gamza (Kadarka), Pamid)

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4
Q

What is Bulgaria’s synonym for Kadarka?

A

Gamza

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5
Q

Challenges for Armenian viti

A

Summers are hot and dry- nearly all vineyards require irrigation. Harsh winters- most growers must bury their vines for protection

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6
Q

Major Armenian wine regions

A

“Armavir, Ararat and Vayots Dzor represent most or production

mostly white wine production”

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7
Q

4 major areas for wine production in Bulgaria

A

1.Danubian Plain in North
2. Black Sea Coast in East
Thracian Plain
3. Valley of the Roses in the center
4. Struma River Valley in the South West”

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8
Q

What does the term barik indicate on a bottle of Bulgarian wine?

A

wine was aged in oak cask of 500L or less

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9
Q

What are the two quality levels of Bulgarian wine?

A
  1. Table wine - around 70% of production
  2. Quality wine - two PGIs, Danubian Plain, Thracian Lowlands. 52 PDOs, but only 5-6 are used
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10
Q

Bulgaria red grapes

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are over half of plantings

Pamid
Gamza (Kadarka)
Mavrud
Rubin (Nebbiolo x Syrah)

red grapes account for about 60% of plantings”

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11
Q

Bulgaria white grapes

A

Red Misket
Rkatsiteli
Dimiat

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12
Q

What separates northern Bulgaria from Romania?

A

Danubian Plain is separated from Romania by the Danube River

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13
Q

Croatia important grapes

A

White wine dominates
- Malvasia (Malvazija Istaska)
- Grasevina (Welschriesling) - most planted
- also: Bogdanusa, Grk, Posip, and Vugava

  • Crljenak Kastelanski (Zinfandel- native!)
  • Plavac Mali (red)
  • Terlan (related to refosco)
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14
Q

Main grapes of Georgia

A

Saperavi (red)
Rkatsiteli (white)

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15
Q

Quevri

A

amphorae pots used for fermentation and aging in Georgia. Traditionally, all parts of the grape clusters (chacha) go into the qvevri. The earth moderates the temperature, and wines are left to settle and clarify naturally. lid is called the ‘orgo’- traditionally made of wood or stone, now commonly glass or metal

  • lined with beeswax to prevent oxidation
  • also called churi sometimes
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16
Q

Kindzmarauli

A

a semi-sweet red wine of appellation of controlled origin (AOC), made with Saperavi grapes grown in the Kindzmarauli micro-viticulture area of the Kakheti region of Georgia.

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17
Q

Georgian grape brandy

A

Chacha

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18
Q

maghlari

A

An ancient Georgian cultivation method in which grapevines are trained to grow up tree trunks; literally, “raised”

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19
Q

Describe the climate of Tokaji? Soils?

A
  • warm, continental climate with long humid autumns
  • Foothills of the Zemplen Mountains; Carpathian Mountains to N/E/W
  • soils: volcanic loess and clay
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20
Q

Fehér bor

A

white table wine
Hungary

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21
Q

Pezsgő

A

sparkling wine, Hungary

22
Q

Badascony PDO

A

banks of Lake Balaton, w Hungary
- White wines dominate: Furmint, Juhfark, Olaszrizling (Welschriesling), inti varieties

Transdanubia, (Dunatul) Hungary
in Balaton PGI

23
Q

Somlo PDO

A

NW of lake Balaton in western Hungary. White wines dominate

Fehérbor - White Wine
Dűlős bor - Single Vineyard Designated Wine.

Authorized Varieties: Furmint, Hárslevelű, Juhfark, Tramini, Olasz Rizling

Transdanubia (Dunatul), Hungary
in Balaton PGI

24
Q

Sopron PDO

A

contiguous with Austria’s Burgenland, and Kékfrankos is cultivated in both regions.

Transdanubia (Dunatul), Hungary
in Dunatul PGI

25
Q

Eger PDO

A

North Hungary (Észak Magyarország)

  • famous for Egri Bikavér- Bull’s Blood of Eger: historically dominated by Kadarka, now a blend of 4 grapes, with Kefrankos (Blaufrankisch) and others
26
Q

Villany PDO

A

Hungary’s hottest region, which produces good-quality wines from Bordeaux varieties, Kékfrankos, and Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser).

in Dunatul/ Transdanubian

27
Q

Kékoportó

A

Blauer Portugeiser synonym in Hungary

28
Q

Hungarian name for the Danube?

A

Duna

29
Q

Tokay fermentation vessels for Essenszia

A

glass demi-johns
stainless steel tank
pottery

water content is so low, they can’t afford to lose any to evaporation- so no oak

30
Q

Cladosporium cellare

A

black mold which thrives in its wine cellars, feeds on the alcohol fumes evaporating from the wine barrels, and dresses the bottles and oak barrels in what looks like black fur

31
Q

Describe climate of winegrowing regions in Moldova

A

Really good! same lattitude as Burgundy- temparate climate and rolling hills. Black Sea offers moderating cooling influence. SW Moldova is more Mediterranean

32
Q

Main grapes of Moldova

A

small % of native grapes: Feteasca Alba, Regala, and Neagra (neighbors with Moldavia in Romania)

lots of French varietals: Aligoté, Chardonnay, SB, CS, PN

33
Q

Moldova main regions

A
  1. Codru (central)- continental
  2. Ștefan Vodă (southeast) - mediterranean
  3. Valul lui Trajan (southwest)
34
Q

Romania major white grapes

A

indigenous: Feteasca Alba, Feteasca Regala, Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)

Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Muscat

35
Q

Romania major red grapes

A

Feteasca Neagra, Burgund Mare, Babeasca Neagra, Rosioara (Pamid)

36
Q

Quality levels for Romanian wine

A

Table wines: Vin de Masa and Vin de Masa Superior

Quality Wines:
Vin cu Indicatie Geografica (PGI) - 12 PGI
Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC / PDO) - 35 DOC

The DOC wines may be further classified as CMD- harvested at full maturity, CT-late harvet, or CIB- botrytis affected

37
Q

Romania climate
- type
- main moderators

A

Continental. Moderated by the Black Sea, Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, and Danube River marks southern border with Serbia.

38
Q

4 most important Romanian regions

A
  1. Moldaven Hills - in the east
  2. Dobrogea - on eastern Black Sea Coast
  3. Muntenia-Oltenia - in the south
  4. Transylvania Plateau - in the center
39
Q

Cotnari DOC

A

In Moldovei (Moldaven Hills), Romania
Romania’s most famous wine product- sweet white wines. Usually botrytised.
* Grasa de Cotnari, others are Frâncusa, Tămâioasă Românească

40
Q

Tarnave DOC

A

in Transylvnaia (Podisului Transilvaniei), central Romania
* nested commune: Jidvei
* one of Romania’s coolest and most important wine regions, producing white wines of high acidity from several varieties, including the Fetească grapes and Traminer Rosé.

41
Q

Russia’s most important wine region

A

Krasnodar, on the Black Sea coast
* Moderate climate, maritime influenced

OTHERS: Dagestan & Stavropol - lots of grapes distilled into brandy. much colder, vines buried in winter
* Rostov, Kabardino-Balkaria, and the war-torn Chechnya produce smaller amounts of wine.

42
Q

Most important Russia grapes

A
  • nearly half of the plantings are Cabernet Sauvignon.
  • other- for sparkling: Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Riesling
  • Also Rkatsiteli
43
Q

Slovakia - important wine region and grapes grown?

A

Malé Karpaty Hills “small carpathian” - most viticulture is in the western part of the country, around Bratislava, near the Austrian border
* Silvaner, Veltliner, Welschriesling, and Riesling
* more reds like Blaufrankisch and Cabernet near the Hungarian border

44
Q

Major Ukraine wine regions

A

Crimea (Krim)
Odessa
Nikolayev-Kherson
Transcarpathian

45
Q

Most important Ukrainian grapes

A

Rkatsiteli
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling
Welshriesling
Furmint
Isabella (hybrid)

46
Q

Mountain range bordering struma river valley to the East

A

Zapadni Rodopi Mountains

47
Q

Mountain range that bisects Bulgaria

A

Stara planina

48
Q

How is Struma River Valley different from the other Regions of Bulgaria?

A

Mediterranean climate, whereas most of Bulgaria is continental (warmest region in Bulgaria)

49
Q

Voros Super Premium

A

Cabernet Franc in Vilany

50
Q

River of the Bekaa Valley

A

Litani River

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