Lecture 5. Klein

Question 1

Object Relations Theory is built on?

Answer 1

careful observations of young children

Question 2

Object Relations theory stresses the importance of the?

Answer 2

first 4-6 months of child after birth

Question 3

The infant’s drives are?

Answer 3

directed to an object such as the breast, penis, vagina and so on

Question 4

Child’s relation to the breast is fundamental because?

Answer 4

it serves as the prototype for later relations to whole objects such as mother and father

Question 5

The very early tendency of infants to relate to partial objects gives infant?

Answer 5

gives their experiences an unrealistic or fantasy-like quality that affects all later interpersonal relations

Question 6

What was also enphasized in Object Relations Theory?

Answer 6

The importance of child’s early experiences with the mother

Question 7

In Object Relations Theory, the sense of identity rests on?

Answer 7

3 Step Relationship with mother

Question 8

3 Step Relationship with the Mother

Answer 8

1) Basic needs are cared by their mother
2) A safe, symbiotic relationship is developed with an all-powerful mother
3) To have emerged from their mother’s protective circle and establish their separate individuality

Question 9

Melanie Klein Nationality

Answer 9

Austrian- British

Question 10

Birth Order of Klein

Answer 10

Youngest of 4 Children

Question 11

Occupation of mother and father

Answer 11

Father is a medical doctor; mother ran a shop selling plants and reptiles

Question 12

Klein grew up in what kind of a family ?

Answer 12

Pro or anti religious

Question 13

Relationship with the father

Answer 13

Felt that she was an unplanned child, distant to her father, who favored the oldest daughter, Emilie.

Question 14

Closest sibling of Klein and the time of death

Answer 14

Sidonie, died when Klein is 8 years old

Question 15

Klein to related to one of her siblings named? At what age of Klein did this sibling die?

Answer 15

Emmanuel, age 20 when Emmanuel died

Question 16

At age 21, who did Melanie married?

Answer 16

Arthur Klein, a close friend of Emmanuel

Question 17

Status of Klein’s marriage?

Answer 17

Was unhappy, she dreaded sex and being pregnant but gave birth to three children: Melitta, Hans and Erich

Question 18

Her mother died when Klein is at age?

Answer 18

32

Question 19

After the death of Abfaham, she turned the analysis to self-analysis and named it again to?

Answer 19

Psychoanalysis of children

Question 20

Object Relations Theory considered the?

Answer 20

offspring of Freud’s instinct theory

Question 21

Object Relations Theory gave more importance to?

Answer 21

consistent patterns of interpersonal relationships

Question 22

Object Relations Theory tends to be more?

Answer 22

maternal, stressing the intimacy and nurturing of the mother

Question 23

The prime motive of human behavior in Object Relations Theory is?

Answer 23

human contact and relatedness

Question 24

object Relations Theory focused on?

Answer 24

child analysis and play therapy

Question 25

Psychic life of the infant (age)

Answer 25

4-6months

Question 26

2 concepts in psychic life of the infant

Answer 26

Phantasies and Objects

Question 27

Phantasies

Answer 27

psychic representations of unconscious id instincts

Question 28

Phantasies possessed?

Answer 28

unconscious good and bad images

Question 29

Unconscious phantasies

Answer 29

shaped by both reality and inherited predispositions

Question 30

Objects

Answer 30

symbolized the objects for innate drives or instincts

Question 31

Internalized objects can be comparable with?

Answer 31

have powers on their own, and can be comparable to Freud’s concept of superego

Question 32

Positions

Answer 32

conflicts between life and death instincts

Question 33

Paranoid Schizoid Position

Answer 33

a way of organizing experiences that includes both paranoid feelings of being persecuted and a splitting of internal and external objects

Question 34

Paranoid Schizoid Position develops in what age of an infant?

Answer 34

3-4 months old

Question 35

During 3-4 months old of an infant, ego’s perception of external world is?

Answer 35

subjective and fantastic

Question 36

Depressive Position

Answer 36

Viewing external objects as whole and sees that good and bad can exist in the same person

Question 37

Depressive Position develops during?

Answer 37

5-6 months old

Question 38

Realization of Ego in Depressive Position

Answer 38

The realization of ego of its lack of capacity to protect the mother

Question 39

Feelings of Anxiety in Depressive Position

Answer 39

Feelings of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with the sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object

Question 40

Psychic Defense Mechanisms

Answer 40

means of reducing anxiety

Question 41

Introjection

Answer 41

infants fantasize taking into their body those perceptions and experiences they had with the external objects

Question 42

Introjected objects are influenced by?

Answer 42

children’s fantasies

Question 43

Projection

Answer 43

the fantasy that one’s own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one’s body

Question 44

Splitting

Answer 44

Keeping incompatible impulses, developing a good me and bad me that enables them to deal with both pleasurable and destructive impulses toward external objects

Question 45

Projective Identification

Answer 45

splitting unacceptable part of themselves, projecting it on another object, and finally introject them back into themselves in a changed or distorted form

Question 46

2 Kinds of Position

Answer 46

Paranoid Schizoid Position and Depressive Position

Question 47

4 Types of Psychic Defense Mechanisms

Answer 47

Introjection, Projection, Splitting and Projective Identification

Question 48

Internalizations

Answer 48

organized introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework

Question 49

3 Internalizations

Answer 49

Ego, Superego, Oedipus Complex

Question 50

Ego

Answer 50

one’s sense of self

Question 51

Ego has the ability to?

Answer 51

has the ability to sense both destructive and loving forces and to manage them to psychic defense mechanisms

Question 52

How ego is organized?

Answer 52

Mostly unorganized at birth, but strong enough to feel anxiety, know how ro reduce it and evolves with childhood experiences

Question 53

Superego emerges?

Answer 53

early in life

Question 54

Superego

Answer 54

an ego defense against realistic guilts

Question 55

Superego is responsible for?

Answer 55

many antisocial and criminal tendencies in adults

Question 56

Extreme violence is a reaction to?

Answer 56

the ego’s aggressive self-defense against its own destructive tendencies

Question 57

Oedipus Complex begins and reaches its climax at?

Answer 57

much earlier age, and reaches climax during 3-4 years old

Question 58

Oedipus Complex

Answer 58

the fear of retaliation from their parents for fantasies related ro them

Question 59

Oedipus Complex serves for

Answer 59

both male and female children

Question 60

Oedipus complex is needed to?

Answer 60

establish a positive attitude with good objects and avoid the bad

Question 61

Female/Male oedipal development

Answer 61

attachment to mother, rivals with fathers and develop abilities to reconcile unconscious positive and negative images of the breast (mother) and penis (father)

Question 62

Related works of object relations theorists

Answer 62

Margaret Mahler - Psychological Birth
Heinz Kohut - Innate Narcissistic Self
John Bowlby - Attachment Theory
Mary Ainsworth - Strange Situation