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PSYC 04: TOP > Lecture ( ). May > Flashcards

Lecture ( ). May Flashcards

1
Q

Rollo May’s approach of lookung at human being

A

clinical experience

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2
Q

He saw people as living in the world of

A

present experiences and ultimately being responsible for who they become

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3
Q

May believed that many people

A

Many people, May believed, lack the courage to face their destiny, and in the process of fleeing from it, they give up much of their freedom

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4
Q

Having negated their freedom, they likewise

A

Having negated their freedom, they likewise run away from their responsibility.

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5
Q

May birth order

A

the first son of the six
children

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6
Q

Parent status

A

neither was very well educated

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7
Q

Relationship to the parents

A

May was not particularly close
to either of his parents, who frequently argued with each other and eventually
separated.

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8
Q

5 Elements of Existentialism

A

1) existence takes precedence over essence
2) existentialism opposes the split between subject and object
3) people search for some meaning to their lives
4) existentialists hold that ultimately each of us is responsible for who
we are and what we become.
5) existentialists are basically antitheoretical

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9
Q

Existence suggests? Essence refers to?

A

Existence suggests process; essence refers to a product.

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10
Q

People are both subjective and objective and must search for truth by

A

People are both subjective and objective and must search for truth by living active and authentic lives.

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11
Q

A phenomenological approach to understanding humanity

A

Being-in-the-World

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12
Q

basic unity of person and environment is expressed in the word

A

Daesin

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13
Q

illness of our time

A

Alienation

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14
Q

Alienation manifests itself in three areas;

A

(1) separation from nature, (2) lack of meaningful interpersonal relations,
and (3) alienation from one’s authentic self.

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15
Q

2 Basic Concepts of Existentialism

A

Being in the World and Nonbeing

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16
Q

Nonbeing

A

dread of not being:

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17
Q

Nonbeing can also be expressed

A

can also be expressed as blind conformity to society’s expectations or as generalized hostility that pervades our relations to others

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18
Q

Anxiety defined by May

A

The subjective state of the individual’s becoming aware that his or her existence can be destroyed, that he can become nothing.

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19
Q

Anxiety exists when

A

Exists when one confronts the issue of fulfilling one’s potentialities which can lead to stagnation and decay, but can also result in growth and change.

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20
Q

2 Types of Anxiety

A

Normal and Neurotic Anxiety

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21
Q

Normal Anxiety

A

Experiences which are proportionate to the threat, does not involve repression, and can be confronted constructively on the conscious level.

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22
Q

Neurotic Anxiety

A

A reaction which is disproportionate to the threat, involves repression and other forms of intrapsychic conflict, and is managed by various kinds of blocking-off of activity and awareness.

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23
Q

Guilt

A

Arises whenever people deny their potentialities, fail to accurately perceive the needs of others, or remain blind to their dependence on the natural world.

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24
Q

Three Forms of Ontological Guilt

A

Separation Guilt, Inability to perceive accurately the world of others (Mitwelt), Denial of our own
potentials

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25
Q

result of our separation from nature

A

Separation Guilt

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26
Q

can never perfectly judge the needs of
other people

A

Inability to perceive accurately the world of others

27
Q

Denial of our own potentialities or with our failure to fulfill them.

A

Denial of our own potentials

28
Q

Intentionality

A

Gives meaning to experience and allows people to make decisions about the future

29
Q

source of love and will

A

Care

30
Q

Care

A

to recognize that person as a fellow
human being, to identify with that person’s pain or joy, guilt or pity.

31
Q

Care is a state in which

A

something does matter

32
Q

Love is to recognize

A

To recognize the essential humanity of the other person, to have an active regard for that person’s development

33
Q

Love

A

delight in the
presence of the other person and an affirming of [that person’s] value and development as much as one’s own”

34
Q

Will

A

The capacity to organize one’s self so that movement in a certain direction or toward a certain goal may take place

35
Q

May claimed that modern society is suffering from

A

an unhealthy division of
love and will

36
Q

Sex

A

Biological function that can be satisfied through sexual intercourse or some other release of sexual tension

37
Q

Eros

A

psychological desire
that seeks procreation or creation through an enduring union with a loved one

38
Q

Eros is built

A

on care and tenderness

39
Q

Eros can be regarded as

A

salvation of sex

40
Q

Philia

A

an intimate
nonsexual friendship between two people.

41
Q

4 Forms of Love

A

Sex, Eros, Philia, Agape

42
Q

Agape

A

esteem for the other, the concern for the other’s welfare beyond any gain that
one can get out of it; disinterested love, typically, the love of God for man

43
Q

Freedom

A

“freedom is the individual’s capacity to know that he is the determined one

44
Q

Two Forms of Freedom

A

Existential and Essential Freedom

45
Q

Existentential Freedom

A

freedom of action—the freedom of doing particularly on the choices that one makes

46
Q

freedom of being

A

Essential Fredom

47
Q

Destiny

A

the design of the universe speaking through the
design of each one of us”

48
Q

our destination, terminus or goal

A

Destiny

49
Q

As we challenge our destiny,

A

we gain freedom

50
Q

As we achieve freedom,

A

we push at the boundaries of destiny.

51
Q

Myths are not falsehoods;
rather

A

Myths are not falsehoods;
rather, they are conscious and
unconscious belief systems that provide explanations for personal and
social problems

52
Q

stories that unify a society

A

Myths

53
Q

Myths are essential to

A

essential
to the process of keeping our souls
alive and bringing us new meaning
in a difficult and often meaningless
world”

54
Q

two levels in which May believed people communicate with one another

A

rationalistic language and myths

55
Q

Rational Language

A

truth
takes precedence over the people who are communicating.

56
Q

Myths

A

total human experience is more important than the
empirical accuracy of the communication

57
Q

People use myths and symbols to

A

People use myths and symbols to transcend
the immediate concrete situation, to expand self-awareness, and to search for identity.

58
Q

May saw psychopathology as

A

as lack of communication—the inability to know
others and to share oneself with them.

59
Q

May rejects the idea that psychotherapy should

A

should reduce anxiety and ease feelings of guilt.

60
Q

May’s suggestion in psychotherapy

A

psychotherapy should make people more human: that is, help
them expand their consciousness so that they will be in a better position to make
choices

61
Q

Purpose of psychotherapy

A

set people free

62
Q

Existential therapists must

A

must establish a one-to-one relationship (Mitwelt) that enables patients to become
more aware of themselves and to live more fully in their own world (Eigenwelt).

63
Q

May described therapy as

A

partly religion, partly science, and
partly friendship

64
Q

Cultural myth

A

Belief systems, both conscious and unconscious, that provide explanations for personal and social problems.

PSYC 04: TOP (19 decks)

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