Lecture ( ). Buss

Question 1

Buss’ theory

Answer 1

Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Question 2

starts with the assumption that individual members of any species differ from one another.

Answer 2

Evolution

Question 3

scientific study of human thought and behavior from an evolutionary perspective

Answer 3

Evolutionary psychology

Question 4

tendency to assume that the environment alone can produce behaviors void of a stable internal mechanism “Without internal mechanisms, there can be no behavior”

Answer 4

Fundamental Situational Error

Question 5

The tendency to ignore situational and environmental forces when explaining the behavior of other people and instead focus on internal dispositions.

Answer 5

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 6

Adaptive Problems and their Solutions

Answer 6

Physical Mechanisms and Psychological Mechanisms

Question 7

internal and specific cognitive, motivational and personality systems that solve specific survival and reproduction problems

Answer 7

Psychological Mechanisms

Question 8

process of evolution by natural selection producing solutions to two basic problems of life

Answer 8

Mechanism

Question 9

Survival Problems

Answer 9

• Taking in information from the external world
• Temperature regulation
• Disease and parasites
• Wounds and injury
• Predators and danger
• Fending off attacks of enemy
• Trust/Cooperation
• Alliance and group cohesion
• Food gathering
• Shelter

Question 10

Survival Solution

Answer 10

• Eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue
• Ectothermic system, sweat glands
• Immune system
• Blood clotting
• Limbs and locomotion
• Strength, aggression, speed
• Conscientiousness, agreeableness
• Dominance, agreeableness
• Creativity, intelligence
• Creativity, intelligence

Question 11

Reproduction Problems

Answer 11

• Mate attraction
• Mate selection
• Trust
• Intrasex competition
• Intimacy

Question 12

Reproduction Solutions

Answer 12

• Dominance, surgency, creativity
• Social intelligence, theory of mind
• Conscientiousness, dependability
• Aggression, drive, achievement, resource acquisition, beauty
• Love, attachment, agreeableness

Question 13

Evolved Mechanisms

Answer 13

• Motivation and Emotion as Evolved Mechanisms
• Personality Traits as Evolved Mechanisms

Question 14

takes forms of aggression, dominance, achievement, status, negotiation of hierarchy

Answer 14

power

Question 15

takes forms of love, attachment, reciprocal alliance

Answer 15

intimacy

Question 16

Adaptive in nature to solve problems of survival and reproduction

Answer 16

Personality Traits as Evolved Mechanisms

Question 17

Buss agreed with 5-trait theory but with different terminology such as;

Answer 17

• Surgency/ Extraversion/ Dominance
• Agreeableness/hostility
• Conscientiousness,
• Emotional Stability/neuroticism
• Openness/intellect

Question 18

Origins of Individual Differences

Answer 18

• Environmental Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences
• Heritable (Genetic) Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences
• Nonadaptive Sources of Individual Differences
• Maladaptive Sources of Individual Differences

Question 19

3 Environmental Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences

Answer 19

• Early Environmental calibration
• Enduring Situational Evocation
• Strategic Niche Specialization

Question 20

Heritable (Genetic) Sources of Adaptive Individual Differences

Answer 20

• Adaptive Self-Assessment of Heritable Attributes
• Frequency-dependent Adaptive Strategies
• Continuous Condition-dependent heritable Strategies

Question 21

Nonadaptive Sources of Individual Differences

Answer 21

• Neutral Genetic Variation
• Incidental by-products of adaptive variation

Question 22

Maladaptive Sources of Individual Differences

Answer 22

• Genetic Defects
• Environmental insults/trauma