exam 2 lecture 15

Question 1

macrophage release of chemokines induced

Answer 1

neutrophil migration

Question 2

innate immunity

Answer 2

recruitment of activated immune cells to sites of infection

Question 3

cytokines involved in proinflammation

Answer 3

IL-1B, TNFalpha, IL-6, CXCL8(chemokine) and IL-2

Question 4

rolling adhesion

Answer 4

glycoproteins that exhibit weak reversible binding to sialyl-Lewis X

Question 5

T/F neutrophils are the first wave of cells recruited to the site of infection

Answer 5

true

Question 6

tight binding

Answer 6

ICAM-1 is induced by TNFalpha to a LFA-1 integrin on neutrophils

Question 7

diapdedisis

Answer 7

the neutrophil can now cross the endothelium

Question 8

how does CXCL8 direct neutrophils to cross the endothelium and subsequent migration

Answer 8

concentration gradient

Question 9

what recruits monocytes in the bloodstream

Answer 9

CCL2

Question 10

CXCL8 is called a chemokine because

Answer 10

it promotes movement of various immune cells in a certain direction

Question 11

what do lymphocytes and monocytes release when infection is detected

Answer 11

TNFalpha, IL-1, IL-6 and interferon gamma

Question 12

what are the TNFalpha receptors

Answer 12

cysteine rich domains, TNFR1 and TNFR2

Question 13

both the TNFR1 and TNFR2 pathways lead to what

Answer 13

apoptosis and inflammation and survival

Question 14

what chain do IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21 have in common

Answer 14

gamma chain

Question 15

what chain do GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-5 have in common

Answer 15

beta chain

Question 16

what chain do IL-6, IL-11 and IL-25, LIF and CNTF have in common

Answer 16

gp130 chain

Question 17

cytokine binds to what

Answer 17

the alpha subunit

Question 18

cross reactivity

Answer 18

the complex associates with a common beta subunit

Question 19

redundancy

Answer 19

the signal is transduced through the beta subunit

Question 20

what comprises the heterohexameric complex

Answer 20

2 copies of IL-6, gp130, and IL-6Ralpha

Question 21

what pathway is the most common signaling pathway

Answer 21

JAK/STAT pathway

Question 22

the cytokine binds to the dimer receptors to activate what

Answer 22

the 2 JAK receptors

Question 23

once the JAK receptors are activated what do they do

Answer 23

phosphorylates the receptors by itself

Question 24

Phosphorylation of receptors lead to

Answer 24

STAT binding to phosphorylate

Question 25

phosphorylated STAT leaves and

Answer 25

dimerizes

Question 26

where does the dimerized pSTAT do

Answer 26

the nucleus

Question 27

IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5 are redundant cytokines. This redundancy

Answer 27

is attributed to their receptors having a common chain, is because they all stimulate B-cell proliferation and result in triggering the JAK/STAT pathway