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Intro to Radiography > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five rights of drug administration?

A

Right drug
Right amount
Right patient
Right time
Right route

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2
Q

What is required before adminstering contrast?

A

Patients consent and history

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3
Q

How to determine right drug?

A

Do not adminster a drug that you have not seen someone draw up

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4
Q

How many times should you check the drug?

A

3 times

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5
Q

When are the 3 times you should check the drug?

A
  1. Getting off shelf
  2. When drug is removed from container
  3. When container is replaced
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6
Q

How to determine right amount?

A

Measure carefully - use the right size syringe

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7
Q

How to determine right patient?

A

Verify patient’s name, wristband, birthdate

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8
Q

How to determine right time?

A

Physician or practitioner determines time

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9
Q

What are the right routes?

A

Oral
Topical
Parenteral

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10
Q

What is most common drug route?

A

Oral

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11
Q

How to administer oral drugs?

A

Make sure patient is conscious and head is elevated

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12
Q

How to administer sublingual drugs?

A

Under tongue and allowed to dissolve

Never should be swallowed

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13
Q

What is a common sublingual drug?

A

Nitroglycerin

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14
Q

How to adminster topical drug?

A

Directly on skin
Unit dose device, such as transdermal patch - precise dose released over specified time

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15
Q

How to adminster parenteral drug?

A

Injection or route other than digestive tract

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16
Q

What happens if drug is injected incorrectly?

A

Can cause nerve damage or introduce microorganisms into system

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17
Q

How can injections be administered and what are the absorption rates?

A

Intramuscular - rapid onset
Subcutaneous - slow constant absorption
Intravenous - immediate onset

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18
Q

How are parenteral injection supplies administered?

A

In an ampule/vial
IV bag or larger bottle drugs

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19
Q

What is an Ampule?

A

Sealed glass container; holds a single dose

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20
Q

How to use Ampule?

A

Hold upright
Flick the top with fingers for contents to go to the bottom
Gauze around top
Break around score
Do not contaminate needle when going into ampule

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21
Q

What is a vial?

A

Small glass or plastic bottle with sealed rubber top

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22
Q

How to use a vial?

A

Must pull back plunger to get air in syringe, then put in vial
Vial held in nondominate hand
Syringe in dominant hand
Vial held upside down
Alochol swipe vial before putting needle in
Flip off tab, don’t peel back

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23
Q

What is a luer-lok syringe?

A

Holds tip and needle in place

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24
Q

What are the 3 parts to a syringe?

A

Tip - where needle attaches
Barrel - calibration scales
Plunger - inside part that fits into the barrel

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25
Q

What are tuberculin and insulin syringes?

A

Used for precise measurement of small amount of drug

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26
Q

What exam are tuberculin and insulin syringes used for?

A

To inject glucagon in barium enemas

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27
Q

What are the 3 parts of the needle?

A

Hub
Cannula
Bevel

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28
Q

What does guage refer to?

A

Diameter of the needle

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29
Q

Relationship between guage size and diameter?

A

The larger the guage size, the smaller the diameter

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30
Q

What is 18 guage needle used for?

A

Draw up drugs

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31
Q

What are smaller guage needles used for?

A

Inject

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32
Q

What is the length range of needles?

A

.25 to .5 inches

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33
Q

What are shorter needles used for?

A

Subcutaneous injections

34
Q

What are longer needles used for?

A

Intramuscular injections

35
Q

What is a bevel?

A

Angled surface at the tip of the needle

36
Q

What is a long bevel used for?

A

Subcutaneous

37
Q

What is a short bevel used for?

A

Intravenous

38
Q

What are angiocath needles?

A

Leave the catheter behind so drugs are administered into the catheter

39
Q

Why are angiocaths safer?

A

When you pull needle out, the needle is drawn into a protective sheath

40
Q

What is a butterfly needle?

A

Used for small veins - larger guage size, thinner needle

41
Q

Other parenteral supplies needed:

A

Tourniquet
Alcohol swipe
Betadine
Cotton balls
Gauze
Latex free gloves
Hypo allergenic tape
Arm board

42
Q

What should be done to contrast media before injection?

A

Warmed

43
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The ability or inability of a fluid solution to flow easily - high viscosity means it flows slowly

44
Q

Method for subcutaneous injection

A

25 guage
45 degree angle
Common sites - anterior thigh, upper back, outer surface of upper arm and lower abdomen

45
Q

Method for intramuscular injection

A

90 degree angle
1-3 inches in the body
19-25 gauge
Common sites - deltoid muscle, vastis lateralis in lateral thigh, gluteus maximus

46
Q

Intravenous injection methods

A
  1. Single administration - drug injected slowly
  2. Drug administered by IV bolus or push
  3. Infusion
47
Q

What IV bolus?

A

Fluids injected through IV

48
Q

What is IV push?

A

Rapid injection

49
Q

What is a drip infusion?

A

Delivery of a certain amount of medication over a period of time

50
Q

What should you do if drip stops during an infusion?

A

Check site for infiltration - if severe swelling and inflammation -stop infusion and apply warm cloth

51
Q

What should you document when adminstering a drug?

A

Name of drug
Dosage
Route of adminstration and where on the body
Time administered
Expiration date
Lot #

52
Q

Common IV sites

A

Basilic vein - medial side of anterior surface of forearm or elbow

Cephalic vein - upper outer arm

Posterior surface of hand

53
Q

What is extravasation (infiltration)?

A

The escape of a drug out of the blood into the surrounding tissue

54
Q

What to do in an extravasation incident?

A

Remove the needle
Apply pressure
Hold warm compress to sit

55
Q

Most common contrast used for MRI?

A

Gadolinium based contrast - Gadolinium Oxysulfide

56
Q

Characteristics of Gadolinium contrast

A

Shorten relaxtion times of atoms within body tissues

Can be administered orally or IV

Magnevist, omniscan, Optimark

Contradicted in patients with kidney disease

57
Q

ac

A

Before meals

58
Q

bid

A

Twice a day

59
Q

et

A

And

60
Q

g

A

gram

61
Q

gtt

A

drops

62
Q

h

A

hour

63
Q

hs

A

at bedtime

64
Q

Hypo

A

hypodermically

65
Q

IV

A

intravenous

66
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

67
Q

mg

A

miligram

68
Q

mL

A

mililiter

69
Q

mm

A

milimeter

70
Q

od

A

in right eye

71
Q

os

A

in left eye

72
Q

pc

A

after meals

73
Q

po

A

by mouth

74
Q

prn

A

as needed

75
Q

qh

A

every hour

76
Q

q2h

A

every 2 hours

77
Q

q3h

A

every 3 hours

78
Q

qid

A

4 times a day

79
Q

sc

A

subcutaneous

80
Q

Stat

A

immediately

81
Q

tid

A

three times a day

Intro to Radiography (15 decks)

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