(II) Gram Negative Rods - (5) Salmonella spp. Flashcards
Characterize (7) : Salmonella spp.
(1) Gram (-) rod
(2) Motile (like a salmon lol)
(3) **H2S (+) **
(4) Encapsulated
(5) Acid labile
(6) Type III secretion system
(7) Facultative intracellular
(Acid labile = Easily destroyed in stomache = Requires high dose for infection)
What color does Salmonella spp. turn Hektoen agar?
Black
ROT: Salmonella enteriditis
Eating undercooked chicken
(Note: S. enteriditis is on left and S. typhi on right, it’s alphabetical)
What is the most common symptom of Salmonella enteriditis?
Inflammatory diarrhea
Reservoir: S. typhi
Gallbladder of humans
(Sea-‘gall’)
Name 2 distinctive signs of S. typhi infection
(1) Rose-colored macules
(2) “**Pea soup” diarrhea
**
(Note: In the process of spreading systemically, it can lead to ULCERATION OF PEYER’S PATCHES. Macules only occurs 25% of the time)
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease?
S. typhi
(Note: S. enteriditis does NOT dissemiante via blood or lymphatics)
Which species of Salmonella may warrant treatment?
Typhi
(Usually disease progression: Diarrea → Asymptomatic → Bacteremia & Fever. Antibiotics shorten fever phase)
Treatment: S. typhi
Flouroquinolone
(Whereas S. enteriditis is usually NOT treated)
Which species of Salmonella has a vaccine?
S. typhi
(A live-attenuated vaccine)
Name 2 groups at increased risk of Salmonella infections
People with,
(1) Reduced stomach acid
(2) Sickle cell disease (asplenics)
Acute Gastroenteritis can be caused by salmonella subspecies: S.[…] and S.[…]
Clinical Presentation:
[…]
Acute Gastroenteritis can be caused by salmonella subspecies: S.Typhimurium and S.Enteritidis
Clinical Presentation:
- Diarrhea, vomitting, abdominal pain (self-limiting)
- invasive infections (leading to osteomyelitis, artheromatous plaque in artery, meningitis)
Salmonella spp. can be classified into two groups:
[…]
Salmonella spp. can be classified into two groups:
Acute Gastroenteritis Group (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis) and Typhoid Fever Group (S.Typhi, S. Paratyphi)
Typhoid Fever can be caused by S.[…] and S.[…].
What is the pathology and symptoms of Typhoid Fever?
[…]
Typhoid Fever can be caused by S.Typhi and S.Paratyphi.
What is the pathology and symptoms of Typhoid Fever?
1. entry into bloodstream into macrophage and multiply within macrophage of many organs (10 days incubation)
2. symptoms of fever, anorexia, epistaxis, cough, headache, abdominal pain (mimicking appendicitis), constipation, bradycardia, enlarged spleen and liver, rose spots)
3. excretion of infected bile results in second invasion of gut wall –> inflammation by typhod ulcers and ileal patches
4. Some ppl remain as chronic carriers due to infected gall bladder
“Some carriers actually require surgical removal of their gall bladder to cure them”
