Ch. 4 Upper Limb - Pathology

Question 1

Where is paget disease most common

Answer 1

• pelvis
• femur
• tibia
• skull
• vertebra
• clavicle

Question 2

appears on radiograph as possible calcification in carpal sulcus

Answer 2

carpal tunnel syndrom

Question 3

appears on radiograph as closed joint spaces with subluxation of MCP joints

Answer 3

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 4

transfer of disease or cancerous lesions from one organ or part that may not be directly connected

Answer 4

bone metastatses

Question 5

reductions in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue; results in bone trabeculae that are scanty and thin

Answer 5

osteoporosis

Question 6

fracture in which bone protrudes through the skin

Answer 6

compound (open) fracture

Question 7

chronic systemic disease with inflammatory changes throughout the connective tissues; earliest change is soft tissue swelling most prevalent around ulnar styloid of wrist, and early bone erosions usually occur at 2nd and 3rd MCP joints or 3rd PIP joint

Answer 7

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 8

sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb near the MCP joint of the hyperextended thumb; may result from injury such as falling on outstretched hand

Answer 8

skier’s thumb

Question 9

transverse fracture of the distal radius in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly

Answer 9

colles fracture

Question 10

inflammation of the bursae or fluid-filled sacs that enclose the joints; generally involves calcification in associated tendons causing pain adn limited joint movement

Answer 10

bursitis

Question 11

slow-growing malignant tumor of the cartilage

Answer 11

chondrosarcoma

Question 12

fracture in which bone doesn’t break through the skin

Answer 12

simple (closed) fracture

Question 13

a buckle of the cortex in which there is localized expansion of the cortex

Answer 13

torus fracture

Question 14

osteoporosis occurs in what population

Answer 14

postmenopausal women and elderly men

Question 15

most common primary cancerous bone tumor; occurs in various parts of the body, arising from bone marrow or marrow plasma cells, highly malignant

Answer 15

multiple myeloma

Question 16

multiple myeloma generally occurs in which population

Answer 16

40-70 years

Question 17

conditions requiring a decrease in exposure factors for Upper Limb

Answer 17

osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 18

where is the boxer fracture most commonly seen in

Answer 18

5th metacarpal

Question 19

second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor

Answer 19

osteogenic sarcoma/osteosarcoma

Question 20

for those fractures in which there is misalignment requiring restoration to a normal position by manipulation done without surgery

Answer 20

closed reduction

Question 21

appears on radiograph as mixed areas of sclerotic and cortical thickening along with radiolucent lesions

Answer 21

paget disease

Question 22

a noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation; most common type of arthritis

Answer 22

osteoarthritis; degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Question 23

fracture of distal phalanx from a ball striking end of extended finger

Answer 23

baseball fracture

Question 24

which projection best demonstrates skier’s thumb

Answer 24

PA stress projection of bilateral thumb (folio method)

Question 25

the bone is splintered or crushed resulting in two or more fragments

Answer 25

comminuted fracture

Question 26

common chronic skeletal disease; characterized by bone destruction followed by a reparative process of overproduction of very dense yet soft bones which fracture easily

Answer 26

paget disease; osteitis deformans

Question 27

paget disease is most common in what population

Answer 27

men older than 40

Question 28

fracture and dislocation of the posterior lip of the distal radius involving the wrist joint

Answer 28

Barton fracture

Question 29

accumulated fluid in the joint cavity

Answer 29

joint effusion

Question 30

results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in a joint region ; a fragment of bone is separated or pulled away by the attached tendon or ligament

Answer 30

avulsion fracture

Question 31

a fracture involving an isolated bone fragment

Answer 31

chip fracture

Question 32

hereditary disease marked by abnormally dense bone; commonly occurs as a result of fracture of affected bone and may lead to obliteration of the marrow space

Answer 32

osteopetrosis; marble bone

Question 33

transverse fracture of the distal radius with the distal fragment displaced anteriorly

Answer 33

smith fracture

Question 34

for severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation; a surgical procedure is required

Answer 34

open reduction

Question 35

how common is rheumatoid arthritis in women compared to men

Answer 35

3x more common in women than men

Question 36

fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone, extending into the CMC joint; complicated by subluxation with some posterior displacement

Answer 36

Bennett fracture

Question 37

fracture through the epiphyseal plate, one of the most easily fractured sites in long bones of children

Answer 37

epiphyseal fracture

Question 38

common painful disorder of the wrist and hand, results from compression of the median nerve as it passes through the center of the wrist

Answer 38

carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 39

osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) generally occurs in which population

Answer 39

10-20 years or older people with paget disease

Question 40

common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults that arises from bone marrow; similar symptoms of osteomyelitis

Answer 40

ewing sarcoma

Question 41

local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow, may be caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery; more commonly the result of infection from a contagious source - diabetic foot ulcer

Answer 41

osteomyelitis

Question 42

most common of malignant bone tumors

Answer 42

metastases

Question 43

incomplete fracture on one side only; the cortex on one side of bone is broken adn the other side is bent

Answer 43

greenstick fracture

Question 44

slow-growing benign cartilaginous tumor most often found in small bones of hands and feet of adolescent and young adults

Answer 44

enchondroma

Question 45

a break in the structure of bone caused by a force (direct or indirect)

Answer 45

fracture

Question 46

who is osteochondroma most common in and where

Answer 46

10-20 years at the knee but also pelvis and scapula

Question 47

conditions requiring an increase in exposure factors of the upper limb

Answer 47

osteopetrosis and paget disease

Question 48

appears on radiograph as soft tissue swelling and loss of fat-pad detail visibility

Answer 48

osteomyelitis

Question 49

most common type of benign bone tumor; arise from outer cortex with the tumor growing parallel to the bone, pointing away from adjacent joint

Answer 49

osteochondroma (exostosis)

Question 50

a comminuted fracture of the distal phalanx such as from a crushing blow to the distal finger

Answer 50

tuft/burst fracture

Question 51

type of injury without a fracture or break in the skin

Answer 51

contusion

Question 52

carpal tunnel syndrome is commonly seen in what population

Answer 52

middle-aged women

Question 53

transverse fracture that extends through the metacarpal neck

Answer 53

boxer fracture

Question 54

appears on radiograph as narrowing of joint space with periosteal growths on the joint margins

Answer 54

osteoarthritis; degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Question 55

a commonly associated fracture with the colles fracture, and seen in how many cases

Answer 55

ulnar styloid fracture in 50-60% of cases

Question 56

appears on radiograph as fluid-filled joint space with possible calcification

Answer 56

bursitis