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Positioning 1 > Ch. 14 Urinary System and Venipuncture Pathology > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Urinary System and Venipuncture Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

loss of consciousness caused by reduced cerebral blood flow; also known as fainting

A

syncope

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2
Q

the inability to void, which may be due to obstruction in the urethra or lack of sensation to urinate

A

retention

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3
Q

brand name for a diuretic

A

lasix

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4
Q

an agent that increases excretion or urine

A

diuretic

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5
Q

fecal matter in the urine

A

fecaluria

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6
Q

excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to fluid intake, usually defined as less than 400 mL/24 hours

A

oliguria (hypouresis/oligouresis)

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7
Q

complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys

A

anuria (anuresis)

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8
Q

the inability of a kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels, or the inability to retain electrolytes under conditions of normal intake

A

renal failure (acute or chronic)

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9
Q

malignant condition of plasma cells of the bone marrow

A

multiple myeloma

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10
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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11
Q

an abnormal rotation of the kidney that is evident when the renal pelvis is turned from a medial to an anterior or posterior direction. the UPJ may be seen lateral to the kidney, usually doesn’t produce major complications

A

malrotation

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12
Q

an enlargement of the prostate that generally begins in the 5th decade of life; although it is a benign condition, it may cause urethral compression and obstruction. the obstruction often produces painful and frequent urination and possible vesicoureteral reflux

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

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13
Q

presence of gas in the urine, usually as the result of a fistula between the bladder and the intestine

A

pneumouria

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14
Q

a tumor of the adrenal gland

A

pheochromocytoma

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15
Q

occurs as a fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus. Almost 95% of cases involve fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys; typically situated in lower abdomen and usually doesn’t affect function

A

horseshoe kidney

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16
Q

an eruption of wheals (hives) often caused by hypersensitivity to food or drugs

A

urticaria

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17
Q

regions or areas of subcutaneous swelling (in the lips, other parts of the mouth, eyelids, hands, and feet) caused by an allergic reaction to food or drugs

A

angioedema

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18
Q

increased blood pressure to the kidney through the renal artery due to atherosclerosis; results from increased excretion of renin, which results in excessive vasoconstriction

A

renal hypertension

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19
Q

backward or return flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and kidney; a common cause of pyelonephritis, in which the backflow of urine may carry bacteria that can produce infection in the kidney

A

urinary reflux (vesicoureteral reflux)

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20
Q

the presence of excessive serum protein levels in the urine

A

proteinuria (albuminuria)

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21
Q

an inflammation of the capillary loops of the glomeruli of the kidneys; also known as what

A

glomerulonephritis (Bright disease)

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22
Q

formally known as acute renal failure (ARF); sudden kidney failure

A

acute kidney injury (AKI)

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23
Q

slowness of heartbeat, usually <60 beats/min

A

bradycardia

24
Q

stones that form in the urinary bladder, not as common as renal calculi but they can grow large in the bladder and may be radiolucent or radiopaque

A

bladder calculi

25
Q

what are the 3 major types of polycystic kidney disease

A
  • infantile
  • childhood
  • adult
26
Q

glucose in the urine

A

glucosuria

27
Q

passage of a large volume of urine in relation to fluid intake during a given period; a common symptom of diabetes

A

polyuria

28
Q

what are the radiolucent stones of the bladder most often

A

uric acid stones

29
Q

involuntary passage of urine through the urethra; commonly caused by failure of voluntary control of the vesical and urethral sphincters

A

urinary incontinence

30
Q

a therapeutic technique that uses acoustic (sound) waves to shatter large kidney stones into small particles that can be passed

A

lithotripsy

31
Q

a tumor that is 3x more common in males than in females, usually diagnosed after age of 50. symptoms include hematuria and frequency in urination. often a solid or papillary mass with mucosal involvement

A

bladder carcinoma

32
Q

absence of formation of a kidney

A

renal agenesis

33
Q

excessive inferior displacement of the kidney when erect

A

nephroptosis

34
Q

results from a wide variety of conditions and may require hemodialysis or transplantation

A

chronic renal failure

35
Q

the act of voiding or urination

A

micturition

36
Q

a large stone that grows and fills the renal pelvis completely, blocking the flow of urine, most commonly is associated with chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs)

A

staghorn calculus

37
Q

a fistula that forms between the urinary bladder and rectum or aspects of the colon, may be due to trauma, tumor, or congenital defect

A

vesicorectal (vesicocolonic) fistula

38
Q

marked by uremia, oliguria, or anuria with hyperkalemia and pulmonary edema; IVU demonstrates little or no contrast medium filtering through the kidneys; possible exacerbation of patients condition following use of iodinated contrast media; ultrasound considered a safe alternative for evaluation of signs of renal failure

A

acute renal failure

39
Q

most frequent type of malignant tumor of the kidneys. 3x more frequent in males than females, symptoms include flank pain, hematuria, tumor is typically a large irregular mass with internal areas of necrosis and hemorrhage

A

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

40
Q

what percent of fistulas result from diverticulosis

A

60%

41
Q

calcifications that occur in the luminal aspect of the urinary tract; often lead to renal obstruction. calcifications also occur in the renal parenchyma

A

renal calculi

42
Q

presence of bacteria in the urine

A

bacteriuria

43
Q

contraction of the bronchi and bronchiolar muscles, producing restriction of air passages

A

bronchospasm

44
Q

rapid heartbeat, usually >100 beats/min

A

tachycardia

45
Q

a disorder marked by cysts scattered throughout one or both kidneys, most common cause of enlarged kidneys

A

polycystic kidney disease

46
Q

infection that frequently occurs in adults and children caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or certain parasites; commonly caused by vesicoureteral reflux

A

urinary tract infection (UTI)

47
Q

describes a normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but remains in the pelvis, this type of kidney has a shorter than normal ureter, does not pose a health concern but may interfere with birth process in females

A

ectopic kidney

48
Q

an excess in the blood of urea, creatinine and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acids metabolism; often present with chronic renal failure

A

uremia (azotemia)

49
Q

below normal arterial blood pressure

A

hypotension

50
Q

the second most common malignancy in males over the age of 50, often a slow growing tumor and may not be detected for years

A

prostate carcinoma

51
Q

involves 2 ureters and/or the renal pelvis originating from the same kidney; most common type of congenital anomaly of the urinary system, usually doesn’t cause a health concern and IVU confirms this condition

A

duplication of the ureter and renal pelvis

52
Q

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis caused by pyogenic (pus-forming) bacteria; primarily affects the interstitial tissue between the tubules

A

pyelonephritis

53
Q

a distention of the renal pelvis and calyces of the kidneys that results from some obstruction of the ureters or renal pelvis. may be present in both kidneys in a women when the ureters are compressed by the fetus. other more common causes are calculi in the renal pelvis or ureter tumors and structural or congenital abnormality

A

hydronephrosis

54
Q

closure of the glottic aperture within the glottic opening of the larynx

A

laryngospasm

55
Q

inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by a bacterial or fungal infection, seen most often in females due to shorter urethra that more readily permits retrograde passage of bacteria into the bladder

A

cystitis

Positioning 1 (48 decks)

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