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Histo LEC > Small Intestine To Large Intestine > Flashcards

Small Intestine To Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

• A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine
• It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

Three segments of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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4
Q

SMALL INTESTINE: SURFACE MODIFICATION

Epithelium

A

Plicae circularis
Villi
Striated/ brushed border on villus

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5
Q

Ridge of mucosa and submucosa in small intestine

A

Plicae circularis

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6
Q

Projection of the mucosa epithelium with lamina propria core in small intestine

A

Villi

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7
Q

• Microvilli on the apical surface of columnar epithelial cells in small intestine

A

Striated/brushed border on villus

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8
Q

Plicae circulares also known as

A

Valves of Kerckring

valvulae conniventes

horizontal mucosal folds

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9
Q

Horizontal folds that are seen grossly

Core of submucosa and a covering of mucosa

Most developed in jejunum

Absent in first part of duodenum and distal half of ileum

A

Valves of Kerckring

plicae circulares

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10
Q

Fingerlike projections on surface of plicae circulares

A

Intestinal Villi

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11
Q

Abundant in proximal segments of small intestine

Often absent in distal ileum

Made up of epithelium and lamina propria

A

Intestinal Villi

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12
Q

Core of villi has______ (lymphatic capillary that end blindly near the tip of each intestinal villus)

A

lacteal

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13
Q

• T-cells in between epithelial cells

A

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)

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14
Q

Cell types in intestinal villi

A

1) absorptive cells (enterocytes)
2) goblet cells
3) enteroendocrine (argentaffin) cells
4) M-cells

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15
Q

Cell types on villi:

Most numerous

Columnar cells with microvilli (brush border; striated border)

Microvilli consist of a core of actin filaments that are enveloped by cell membrane

A

Absorptive cells (Enterocytes)

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16
Q

Cell types on villi:

Among absorptive cells

Number increases as one goes distally

Secrete mucus to protect and lubricate the lining

A

Goblet cells

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17
Q

Cell types on villi:

Scattered over entire epithelium

Columnar with microvilli

Secrete numerous regulatory
hormones for the digestive system

A

Enteroendocrine (argentaffin) cells

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18
Q

Cell types on villi:

Scattered over entire epithelium

Located at the base of intestinal glands

Secretes lysozyme and defensins thus provide host defense against microbes

A

Paneth cells

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19
Q

Paneth cells secrete

A

Secretes lysozyme and defensins thus provide host defense against microbes

20
Q

Intestinal villi: Lamina propria of small intestine

Has…

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn

21
Q

Simple tubular glands

Invagination of epithelium into lamina propria

Ducts open between adjacent villi

Lined by low columnar epithelium

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

22
Q

The only glands in submucosa of small intestine

A

Glands of Brunner

23
Q

Confined to submucosa of duodenum

Compound coiled tubular, mucus-secreting glands

Ducts open into bottoms of Crypts of Lieberkuhn

A

Glands of Brunner

24
Q

Glands of Brunner secretes

A

Mucus
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

25
Q

Large aggregates of lymphoid nodules in ileum

M-cells (membranous epithelial cells)

A

Peyer’s patches

26
Q

SMALL INTESTINE: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA

Muscle fibers:

Inner circularly arranged
Outer longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells
With myenteric plexus of______

A

auerbach

27
Q

SMALL INTESTINE: ADVENTITIA OR SEROSA
__________
Posterior aspect of 2nd and 3rd segments of duodenum

___________
Rest of small intestine

A

Adventitia

Serosa

28
Q

Distinct histological features of the small intestine:

A
  1. Plicae circularis, villi & microvilli - increases functional surface area
  2. Phagocytic Paneth cells in intestinal gland/crypt
  3. Brunner’s Glands in the submucosa of the duodenum
  4. Peyer’s patches of lymphoid tissue in ileum
29
Q

Long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other.

A

Large intestine

30
Q

Portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of water and electrolytes

A

Large intestine

31
Q

Segments of large intestine

A

Cecum and vermiform appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal

32
Q

Large intestine Grossly differs from small intestine because of:

A

Sacculations or haustra
Appendices epiploicae
Teniae coli

33
Q

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine:

• Majority of cells; abortive in nature
With shorter microvilli than in small intestine

A

Enterocytes

34
Q

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine:

• More numerous than in small intestine

A

Goblet cells

35
Q

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine:

Fewer than in small intestine
Secrete glucagon, serotonin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide

A

Enteroendocrine cells

36
Q

Cells in the mucosa of large intestine:

Similar to those in small intestine

A

M-cells

37
Q

In large intestine ______
GALT has more lymphoid nodules than small intestine and can extend to submucosa

A

Lamina propria

38
Q

__________ compared to small intestine:

Longer
More goblet cells
No Paneth cells

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

39
Q

LARGE INTESTINE: MUSCULARIS EXTERNA

Outer layer of longitudinallyarranged smooth muscle fibers form three narrow bands

Are about 1 cm in width each and equidistant from each other

A

Tenia coli

40
Q

Large intestine

Inner circular smooth muscle -

A

haustration

41
Q

3 thick bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in large intestine

A

taenia coli

42
Q

Large intestine is adventitia? Or serosa? Mostly

A

Serosa

43
Q

____________ in large intestine is only in parts of ascending colon and descending colon that press directly on posterior body wall

A

Adventitia

44
Q

In serosa of large intestine - adipose tissue form pendulous masses called

A

appendices epiploicae

45
Q

Distinct histological features of the large intestine:

A
  1. Microvilli only - increase functional surface area
  2. Abundance of goblet cells in epithelium for lubrication
  3. Tenia coli of muscularis externa
46
Q

Lacks villi, has few glands, has lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria,
Incomplete muscularis mucosae
Thick submucosa, thin muscularis and no teniae coli

A

Appendix

Histo LEC (26 decks)

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