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anatomy > L14 Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

L14 Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of nervous system?

A

Help maintain the homeostasis of the human body

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2
Q

What is the nervous system grouped as?

A

CNS ( consists of brain and spinal cord )
PNS ( consisting of all the nerves outside brain and spinal cord )

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3
Q

Brain consists of _________, _________,_________,________.

A

Cerebrum ( 2 hemispheres )
Diencephalon ( thalamus & hypothalamus )
Brain stem ( midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata )
Cerebellum

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4
Q

Spine consists of ____________.

A

Spinal Cord

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5
Q

Function of cerebrum

A

-Conscious thought processes
-Memory storage and processing
-Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions

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6
Q

Function of Thalamus

A

Relays and processes sensory information

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7
Q

Function of Hypothalamus

A

-Controls emotions,autonomic functions and hormone production

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8
Q

Function of Midbrain

A

-Processes visual and auditory data
-Generates somatic motor responses
-Maintains consciousness

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9
Q

Function of Pons

A

-Relay sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus

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10
Q

Functions of Medulla Oblongata

A

-Relays sensory information to thalamus and other portions of brainstem
-Controls autonomic functions ( respiratory, digestive )

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11
Q

Function of Cerebellum

A

-Coordinates complex somatic motor movements

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11
Q

The cerebrum is the ________ component of the brain. Divides into ______ and ______ hemispheres

A

largest
right, left

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11
Q

The ___________ is the collection of white matter fibers that joins the 2 hemispheres.

A

corpus callosum

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12
Q

What is the function of frontal lobe?

A

motor area involved in movement, planning & coordinating behaviour

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13
Q

What is the function of parietal lobe?

A

sensory perception, processing and language

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14
Q

What is the function of temporal lobe?

A

auditory perception, speech, complex visual perceptions

15
Q

What is the function of occipital lobe?

A

visual center, processing visual information

16
Q

Spinal cord is located within the ____________.

A

vertebral canal

17
Q

Spinal cord extends from the_______ as the continuation of the medulla oblongata to the level of the _________ of the _________.

A

foramen magnum
lower border, first lumbar vertebra ( 45 cm)

18
Q

The spinal cord is _______ in shape

A

cylindrical

19
Q

White matter consists of __________

A

myelinated axons of many neurons

20
Q

Grey matter consists of ______,_____,_______,______ and _______

A

neuron cell bodies
dendrites
unmyelinated axons
axon terminals
neuroglia

21
Q

The PNS consists of what nerves?

A

spinal nerves
cranial nerves
enteric plexus

22
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
total: 31 pairs

23
Q

8th spinal nerve passes between ____ and ____ vertebrae

A

C7, T1

24
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs:
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory ( Vestibulo-cochlear )
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal

25
Q

PNS is composed of _____ division which has receptors and _____ division which has somatic and autonomic nervous system

A

sensory, motor

26
Q

Chemoreceptors are located in the _____ and _______.

A

Medulla oblongata, carotid and aortic bodies

27
Q

What do the chemoreceptors in medulla oblongata do?

A

respond to change in the hydrogen ion and CO2 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid by altering rate and depth of respiration

28
Q

What do the chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies do?

A

monitor the concentration of CO2 and O2 in the arterial blood of the carotid arteries and aorta

29
Q

Baroreceptors are __________ that are activated by ___________ vessel wall stretch

A

mechano-sensors
pressure-induced

30
Q

Baroreceptors are located in ______ and _____.

A

aortic arch
carotid sinuses

31
Q

What are the special sensory receptors?

A

Smell: olfactory nerve fibers
Taste: taste buds
Vision: rods and cones in retina
Hearing: Hair cells in cochlea

32
Q

The somatic nervous system controls __________ movement of skeletal muscles

A

voluntary

33
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls ________ processes such as heartbeat and glandular activity

A

involuntary

34
Q

Autonomic nervous system is divided into ________ and _________.

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

35
Q

What does Sympathetic nervous system do?

A

During emergency response and fight or flight

36
Q

What does Parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

When the body is at rest or with normal functions

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