L13 Classification of Joints / Synovial Joints

Question 1

What is joint ( articulation or arthrosis ) ?

Answer 1

A point of contact between 2 bones, between bone and cartilage or between bone and teeth

Question 2

What are the classification of joints based on structural joint ?

Answer 2

-Fibrous joints
-Cartilaginous joints
-Synovial joints

Question 3

Fibrous joints are joint in which bones are joined together by ____________

Answer 3

fibrous CT

Question 4

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

Answer 4

-Sutures
-Syndesmoses
-Gomphosis

Question 5

Suture is a fibrous joint composed of ____________ called ______________ and found only between ______________.

Answer 5

a thin layer fibrous CT
sutural ligament
bones of the skull

Question 6

Syndesmoses is where ________ are joined by a CT which forms an ________________

Answer 6

2 bones
interosseous membrane

Question 7

Suture is synarthrotic which means?

Answer 7

Immovable

Question 8

Syndesmosis is amphiarthrotic which means?

Answer 8

Slightly movable

Question 9

Examples of sutures:

Answer 9

-coronal suture
-sagittal suture
-lambdoid suture

Question 10

Examples of syndesmosis:

Answer 10

Radioulnar joints

Question 11

Gomphosis is the union of a _____________ and a _____________.

Answer 11

cone-shaped bony process
bony socket

Question 12

Examples of gomphosis?

Answer 12

Teeth are attached to jaw bone by periodontal ligament

Question 13

Cartilaginous joint is connected by ______________ or ______________

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage

Question 14

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 14

-Primary cartilaginous ( Synchondrosis )
-Secondary cartilaginous ( Symphysis )

Question 15

Synchondrosis is where bones are united by bands of __________ which ossifies as a result of growth.

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage

Question 16

Example of Synchondrosis

Answer 16

Sternum and first rib

Question 17

Symphysis is when articular surfaces of bones are connected by a ___________

Answer 17

fibrocartilage

Question 18

Examples of Symphysis

Answer 18

-Intervertebral disc
-Symphysis pubis

Question 19

The bones of synovial joint are held together by a __________

Answer 19

fibrous joint capsule

Question 20

The articular surfaces of synovial joint are covered by ______________

Answer 20

hyaline cartilage

Question 21

The joint capsule of synovial joints maybe thickened in certain parts to form ____________

Answer 21

ligaments

Question 22

The capsule of synovial joint is lined by ____________

Answer 22

synovial membrane

Question 23

The synovial membrane secretes ____________

Answer 23

synovial fluid

Question 24

What causes osteoarthritis?

Answer 24

Degenerative joint disease due to mechanical stress

Question 25

Function of joint capsule?

Answer 25

Holds bones of a synovial joint together attached to periosteum around circumference of each bone of the joint near its articular surface

Question 26

Functions of ligaments?

Answer 26

-reinforce joint capsule -help bind articular bones together

Question 27

The inner layer of joint capsule is called _________________

Answer 27

synovial membrane

Question 28

Function of synovial membrane?

Answer 28

Covers all surfaces within the synovial cavity EXCEPT those covered by articular cartilage

Question 29

Synovial fluid is a _____________ that lubricates joint cavity

Answer 29

clear viscous fluid

Question 30

Functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 30

-supply nutrients to articular cartilage -provide immune function

Question 31

_____________ is attached to outer fibrous layer of joint capsule and may divide synovial cavity into 2 compartments

Answer 31

Meniscus

Question 32

Functions of meniscus?

Answer 32

-cushions articulating surfaces -helps distribute body weight on the surfaces

Question 33

Example of meniscus?

Answer 33

Menisci of knee joints

Question 34

What is enclosed, fluid-filled sacs, contains synovial fluid, is the inner lining of synovial membrane and acts as a cushion?

Answer 34

Bursae

Question 35

What are the classifications of synovial joints according to their axis of movement?

Answer 35

-Uniaxial -Biaxial -Multiaxial

Question 36

What is the uniaxial joint around a vertical axis

Answer 36

Pivot joint

Question 37

What is the uniaxial joint around a transverse axis

Answer 37

Hinge joint

Question 38

What is uniaxial joints?

Answer 38

Allow movement around a single axis

Question 39

What are the movements of hinge joints?

Answer 39

Flexion & Extension

Question 40

What are the movements of pivot joints?

Answer 40

Rotation, Pronation and Supination

Question 41

Example of hinge joint

Answer 41

-Elbow joint -Interphalangeal joints

Question 42

Example of pivot joint

Answer 42

-Superior radioulnar joint -Atlantoaxial joint

Question 43

What is biaxial joints?

Answer 43

Allow movement around 2 axes

Question 44

What are the types of biaxial joints?

Answer 44

Ellipsoid Joints and Saddle Joints

Question 45

What are the movements of ellipsoid joints?

Answer 45

-Flexion and Extension -Abduction and Adduction

Question 46

What are the movements of saddle joints?

Answer 46

-Flexion and Extension -Abduction and Adduction -Slight rotation

Question 47

Examples of ellipsoid joints

Answer 47

-Wrist joint -Metacarpal joints

Question 48

Examples of saddle joints

Answer 48

-Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 49

What are multiaxial joints?

Answer 49

Allow movements around multiple axes

Question 50

What is the type of multiaxial joint?

Answer 50

Ball and socket joint

Question 51

What is the movement of ball and socket joint?

Answer 51

Circumduction

Question 52

Examples of ball and socket joints

Answer 52

-Shoulder joint -Hip joint

Question 53

______________ has flat articular surfaces, allow sliding movements and is represented by intercarpal and intertarsal joints

Answer 53

Plane Joints

Question 54

_____________have rich nerve supply whereas __________ have poor nerve supply

Answer 54

capscule and ligaments cartilage

Question 55

A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscle moving the joint and the skin over the insertions of these muscles is called ___________

Answer 55

Hilton's Law

Question 56

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an ______________ disease in which the immune system of the body attacks its own ____________

Answer 56

autoimmune cartilage and joint linings

Question 57

Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by bilateral inflammation of the joint which causes?

Answer 57

-swelling -pain -loss of function