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Anatomy > L13 Classification of Joints / Synovial Joints > Flashcards

L13 Classification of Joints / Synovial Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is joint ( articulation or arthrosis ) ?

A

A point of contact between 2 bones, between bone and cartilage or between bone and teeth

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2
Q

What are the classification of joints based on structural joint ?

A

-Fibrous joints
-Cartilaginous joints
-Synovial joints

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3
Q

Fibrous joints are joint in which bones are joined together by ____________

A

fibrous CT

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

-Sutures
-Syndesmoses
-Gomphosis

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5
Q

Suture is a fibrous joint composed of ____________ called ______________ and found only between ______________.

A

a thin layer fibrous CT
sutural ligament
bones of the skull

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6
Q

Syndesmoses is where ________ are joined by a CT which forms an ________________

A

2 bones
interosseous membrane

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7
Q

Suture is synarthrotic which means?

A

Immovable

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8
Q

Syndesmosis is amphiarthrotic which means?

A

Slightly movable

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9
Q

Examples of sutures:

A

-coronal suture
-sagittal suture
-lambdoid suture

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10
Q

Examples of syndesmosis:

A

Radioulnar joints

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11
Q

Gomphosis is the union of a _____________ and a _____________.

A

cone-shaped bony process
bony socket

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12
Q

Examples of gomphosis?

A

Teeth are attached to jaw bone by periodontal ligament

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13
Q

Cartilaginous joint is connected by ______________ or ______________

A

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

-Primary cartilaginous ( Synchondrosis )
-Secondary cartilaginous ( Symphysis )

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15
Q

Synchondrosis is where bones are united by bands of __________ which ossifies as a result of growth.

A

hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

Example of Synchondrosis

A

Sternum and first rib

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17
Q

Symphysis is when articular surfaces of bones are connected by a ___________

A

fibrocartilage

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18
Q

Examples of Symphysis

A

-Intervertebral disc
-Symphysis pubis

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19
Q

The bones of synovial joint are held together by a __________

A

fibrous joint capsule

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20
Q

The articular surfaces of synovial joint are covered by ______________

A

hyaline cartilage

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21
Q

The joint capsule of synovial joints maybe thickened in certain parts to form ____________

A

ligaments

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22
Q

The capsule of synovial joint is lined by ____________

A

synovial membrane

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23
Q

The synovial membrane secretes ____________

A

synovial fluid

24
Q

What causes osteoarthritis?

A

Degenerative joint disease due to mechanical stress

25
Q

Function of joint capsule?

A

Holds bones of a synovial joint together attached to periosteum around circumference of each bone of the joint near its articular surface

26
Q

Functions of ligaments?

A

-reinforce joint capsule
-help bind articular bones together

27
Q

The inner layer of joint capsule is called _________________

A

synovial membrane

28
Q

Function of synovial membrane?

A

Covers all surfaces within the synovial cavity EXCEPT those covered by articular cartilage

29
Q

Synovial fluid is a _____________ that lubricates joint cavity

A

clear viscous fluid

30
Q

Functions of synovial fluid?

A

-supply nutrients to articular cartilage
-provide immune function

31
Q

_____________ is attached to outer fibrous layer of joint capsule and may divide synovial cavity into 2 compartments

A

Meniscus

32
Q

Functions of meniscus?

A

-cushions articulating surfaces
-helps distribute body weight on the surfaces

33
Q

Example of meniscus?

A

Menisci of knee joints

34
Q

What is enclosed, fluid-filled sacs, contains synovial fluid, is the inner lining of synovial membrane and acts as a cushion?

A

Bursae

35
Q

What are the classifications of synovial joints according to their axis of movement?

A

-Uniaxial
-Biaxial
-Multiaxial

36
Q

What is the uniaxial joint around a vertical axis

A

Pivot joint

37
Q

What is the uniaxial joint around a transverse axis

A

Hinge joint

38
Q

What is uniaxial joints?

A

Allow movement around a single axis

39
Q

What are the movements of hinge joints?

A

Flexion & Extension

40
Q

What are the movements of pivot joints?

A

Rotation, Pronation and Supination

41
Q

Example of hinge joint

A

-Elbow joint
-Interphalangeal joints

42
Q

Example of pivot joint

A

-Superior radioulnar joint
-Atlantoaxial joint

43
Q

What is biaxial joints?

A

Allow movement around 2 axes

44
Q

What are the types of biaxial joints?

A

Ellipsoid Joints and Saddle Joints

45
Q

What are the movements of ellipsoid joints?

A

-Flexion and Extension
-Abduction and Adduction

46
Q

What are the movements of saddle joints?

A

-Flexion and Extension
-Abduction and Adduction
-Slight rotation

47
Q

Examples of ellipsoid joints

A

-Wrist joint
-Metacarpal joints

48
Q

Examples of saddle joints

A

-Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

49
Q

What are multiaxial joints?

A

Allow movements around multiple axes

50
Q

What is the type of multiaxial joint?

A

Ball and socket joint

51
Q

What is the movement of ball and socket joint?

A

Circumduction

52
Q

Examples of ball and socket joints

A

-Shoulder joint
-Hip joint

53
Q

______________ has flat articular surfaces, allow sliding movements and is represented by intercarpal and intertarsal joints

A

Plane Joints

54
Q

_____________have rich nerve supply whereas __________ have poor nerve supply

A

capscule and ligaments
cartilage

55
Q

A nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscle moving the joint and the skin over the insertions of these muscles is called ___________

A

Hilton’s Law

56
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an ______________ disease in which the immune system of the body attacks its own ____________

A

autoimmune
cartilage and joint linings

57
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by bilateral inflammation of the joint which causes?

A

-swelling
-pain
-loss of function

Anatomy (5 decks)

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