L12 Gross anatomy of Muscles and Bones

Question 1

Skeletal muscles produce movements by exerting force on __________ , which in turn pull on bones or other structures ( such as skin )

Answer 1

tendons

Question 2

How are skeletal muscles described?

Answer 2

-Origin
-Insertion
-Nerve supply ( Innervation )
-Action (s)

Question 3

Proximal attachments of muscle is called __________

Distal attachments of muscle is called ___________

Answer 3

origin

insertion

Question 4

When the origin is from more than 1 bone, it is called ________

eg: biceps, triceps, quadriceps

Answer 4

heads

Question 5

The motor nerve supplying the muscle is described as _________

Answer 5

nerve supply

Question 6

Damage to motor nerve may result in ____________

Answer 6

paralysis

Question 7

Skeletal muscles are supplied by:

Answer 7

-cranial nerves
-spinal nerves

Question 8

What are the muscles that contract during a single joint movement?

Answer 8

-Prime mover ( main muscle to produce movement )
-Synergists ( support the movement )
-Antagonists ( oppose the movement )
Fixators ( prevent undesired movements )

Question 9

What does PRICE therapy for muscle tears ( pull, strain ) stand for?

Answer 9

P-protection
R-rest
I-ice
C-compression ( via a wrap )
E-elevation ( of the limb )

Question 10

Functions of bone?

Answer 10

-stores 97% total calcium of body and phosphorus
-protection
-forms framework of body
-provides levers for muscles
-skull: brain
-vertebral column: spinal cord
-thoracic cage: thoracic viscera & upper abdominal viscera
-pelvis: reproductive organs

Question 11

Ends of long bones, sternum, ribs and iliac crests contain ________ which are responsible for haemopoiesis

Answer 11

red bone marrow

Question 11

What are the classification of appendicular?

Answer 11

-upper limb bones
-lower limb bones

Question 11

What are the classification of axial ?

Answer 11

-skull bones
-vertebrae
-ribs
-sternum

Question 11

How many total adult skeletons do we have?

Answer 11

206
axial= 80
appendicular=126

Question 11

What does the vertebral column consist of? ( 26 bones )

Answer 11

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacral
coccyx

Question 11

Classification of bones according to shape ( 6) :

Answer 11

Long bones - humerus, femur
Short bones- carpal and tarsal
Flat bones- skull, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones- pelvic, vertebrae
Sesamoid bones - patella , pisiform
Pneumatic bones - maxilla

Question 12

Epiphysis before union is supplied by __________

Answer 12

epiphyseal arteries

Question 12

Diaphysis/shaft & metaphysis is supplied by ____________that mostly supplies marrow, and __________

Answer 12

Nutrient artery, Periosteal arteries

Question 12

What does the thoracic cage consists of?

Answer 12

12 pairs of ribs
sternum
flattened bone of anterior chest

Question 12

Damage to epiphysis leads to _________

Answer 12

stunted growth