Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the main role of the immune system

A

Combat opportunistic infections in the body

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2
Q

What is innate immunity

A

The bodies physical barriers, phagocytosis

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3
Q

Describe physical barriers

A

Skin, muscular membranes, sweat, tears

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4
Q

What are the main cells in the innate immune system

A

Phagocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes

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5
Q

Explain phagocytosis

A

Movement towards, adhesion, fusion, creation of capsular (phagosome), fusion of lysosome with phagosome, digestive enzyme

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6
Q

What is a neutrophil

A

White blood cell, engulfing/ destruction

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7
Q

What is a macrophage

A

Antigen presenting cell- produces antibodies, involved in engulfing and digestion

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8
Q

What is a monocyte

A

Largest WBC, engulf more, differentiate into macrophages, found in the bone marrow

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9
Q

What is self tolerance

A

When your immune cells and immune cells exist together in unison/ don’t attach

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10
Q

What are eosinophils/ mast cells

A

Combat infections, involved in allergy/ asthma, release histamine

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11
Q

What is a basophil

A

Involved in parasitic infections, have large cytoplasmic granulates with inflammatory mediators

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12
Q

What is a natural killer cell

A

White blood cells that destroy infected and diseased cells, communicate with interferon gamma, self proliferate

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13
Q

What are dendritic cells

A

Regulate the adaptive immune response, antigen- presenting cells-capture and present antigen to lymphocytes

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14
Q

What are primary and secondary lymphoid cells

A

Primary- thymus, bone marrow (b+ T cell formation/ maturation)
Secondary- lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen (adaptive immunity)
+ lymph vessels

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15
Q

Explain lymphatic system

A

Drainage of tissue
Absorption & transport of fatty acids & fats
Immunity

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16
Q

Function of complement system

A

Proteins in the blood responsible for cell lysis/ killing
3 pathways: lectin, alternative, classic
Activated by adaptive immune system
MAC (membrane attack complex) is the end result

17
Q

What is C3

A

Main protein that activates the system, cleaves to C5
C5-9 involved in lysis & inflammation

18
Q

What is MHC1/2

A

MHC1- uncleared cells, present peptides toCD8+ cells, neutrophils attack cells without this
MHC2- antigen presenting cells e.g. macrophages, present Ag to CD4+ T cells

19
Q

Different T cells

A

CD8+- killers
CD4+- stimulate B cells to produce antibodies

20
Q

Explain B cells

A

Differentiate into plasma cells & produce antibodies
Clone expansion due to proliferation
Neutralisation, opsonisation, complement activation