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Usask year 3.1 > psych part 2 > Flashcards

psych part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a homograph

A

words with the sam spelling but dif meanings like read and read

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2
Q

what is a homophone?

A

same pronunciation but dif meaning like break and brake

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3
Q

whats an orthography?

A

a way a word looks is how it should sound

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4
Q

in writing sytems what is the alphabet for

A

each symbol represents a letter or phoneme

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5
Q

what is a heritage language

A

language of home country ie at home with family

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6
Q

what is a socital language

A

language they speak in society ie at work with friends

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7
Q

what area of the brain does the bilingual brain use the most of and why?

A

dorsolateral prefontal cortex it decodes the speech sounds of multiple languages

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8
Q

what is the sensitive period

A

the sensitive period is where children have a biological disposition to learn language

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9
Q

what is the bilingual advantage

A

metalinguistic awareness

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10
Q

what is the adaptive control hypothesis

A

the pattern of adaptive changes to the control processes

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11
Q

what is the stroop test

A

presents people with words but ur supposed to say the collour the words font is not the word u read

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12
Q

mono vs bi who comes up with more words

A

mono 30 seconds

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13
Q

whats the weaker link hypothesis

A

bilinguals are disadvantaged relative to mono on speaking tasks because they divide frequency of use between two languages

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14
Q

who is good at isolating specific speech cues amid noise

A

musicians

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15
Q

whats a balanced bilingual

A

speak write and communicate in both

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16
Q

whats an unbalanced bilingual

A

prefrence for native language

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17
Q

in visual reception what is the retina look like

A

a curved projection scrreen

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18
Q

where does transduction occur

A

the retina

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19
Q

whats direct perception

A

perciever is aware of what one is doing without explanation

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20
Q

machiene perception

A

tesla

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21
Q

inverse projection problem

A

image projected on retina may not be what the actual image is

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22
Q

what constructivist perception

A

based on liklihood principle

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23
Q

whats viewpoint perception

A

recognizing things from different viewpoints

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24
Q

visual perseption with elements you would see what?

A

dots

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25
Q

gestalts believed in simplicity what does that mean

A

were drawn to make the simplest interpretations as we can

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26
Q

what does proximity mean

A

objects near each other

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27
Q

what does similarity mean?

A

things that are similar to eachother

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28
Q

what is good continuation

A

all elemnts are percieved as a group and are sought out to be related

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29
Q

figure ground segregation

A

point of intrest is seperated from the background

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30
Q

scene recognition?

A

what we expect from the scene

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31
Q

environmental regularities

A

environments are dominated by horizontal and vertical but were less sensitive to 45*

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32
Q

oblique effect

A

less sensitive to weird angles

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33
Q

perception vs action

A

what were seeing vs what were actually engaging with

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34
Q

what pathway in the brain controls the where and how

A

the dorsal pathway

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35
Q

what does the temporal lobe/ventral controlls the what

A

production of speech and comprehension

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36
Q

whats the function of mirror neurons

A

allow individuals to simulate and understand others actions emotions and intentions through shared neural structures

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37
Q

what is the attentional system

A

allows us to focus on the important and filter out the non important

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38
Q

whats the early selection filter theory prove?

A

anything unmeaningful is filtered out

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39
Q

attentuation theory proves that

A

its made to weaken the info not block it usually involves dichotic listening taska

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40
Q

late selection filter theory

A

all info is processed at that point BUT unimportant doesnt get thru

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41
Q

whats implicit priming

A

list of words and then later asked to repeat them when they werent told to remember them

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42
Q

cognitive load?

A

the more one has to do the more there cognitive load is so the more attention they have to pay to that task

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43
Q

inattentional blindness

A

u miss something really obvious because you werent paying attention

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44
Q

load theory of attention

A

we only have a certain amount of energy we can commit to a task

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45
Q

overt attention

A

u pay attention to something by watching it move (following a ball in soccer)

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46
Q

covert attention

A

mental shift of attention without physical movement (driving a car)

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47
Q

feature integration

A

features percieved on an object are percieved early as elements and then the whole thing comes together

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48
Q

Illusory conjunctions

A

features are mistakenly combined shapes and colours

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49
Q

cerebral lateralization

A

division of information processing

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50
Q

divided atttention

A

Reading while listening to music, is difficult because both processes require language

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51
Q

split brain surgery

A

cutting a band of fibers (the corpus callosum) in the brain.

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52
Q

Spatial attention

A

commonly used to asses visiospatial attention

53
Q

spatial neglect

A

often fail to be aware of items on their left side for patients with right brain damage

54
Q

what is the closest animal equivalent to early human speech

A

animal birdsongs

55
Q

Why are birds similar to humans?

A

species specific songs like dialects sensitive development periods and vocal modeling by the tutot

56
Q

what are the difference birds share from humans

A

vocal repotoire and purpose of vocalization

57
Q

who was the earliest attempt of communication in apes

A

viki

58
Q

why was viki unsuccesful

A

because she couldnt mimic human sounds

59
Q

who learned language through lexigrams

A

kanzi

60
Q

what is the evolution of human language

A

pidgin to creole

61
Q

what 3 things do sophisticated languages require

A

symbolic generative and structured

62
Q

how does the vocal tract work

A

air comes from the lungs to the larynx past the vocal folds then out the mouth

63
Q

vocal tract is made of what

A

soft tissue and cartilage

64
Q

what are phonemes

A

sounds of the language

65
Q

what are morphemes

A

meaning of words

66
Q

what is pragmatics

A

language that isnt spoken

67
Q

cooperative principle

A

participants in a conversation cooperate with one another

68
Q

according to gricean maxims what are the four maxims in a conversation

A

quality quantity relation and manner

69
Q

what are two development cues learned in early children language development

A

babies mimic faces at 3 weeks and turn taking is learned in infancy

70
Q

What’s an index gesture?

A

Signed that points to its objective relates to it

71
Q

whats an iconic gesture

A

blowing bubbles

72
Q

co speech gestures

A

Hand movements and speaking

73
Q

When can a foetus hear the mother’s voice?

A

Third trimester

74
Q

When does vocal spurt happen?

A

age 2

75
Q

What is an overregulation?

A

Thinking about syntax rules and then trying to understand them i.e. I hitted the ball

76
Q

pragmatic strapping is what

A

pitch and tone teach kids about grammar

77
Q

language is acquired through learning, was taught by who

A

BF Skinner

78
Q

Language was universal, and it was tied to brain development was researched by who

A

Noah Chomsky

79
Q

What is the wernicks area?

A

critical for speech comprehension

80
Q

what is brocas area?

A

language comprehension

81
Q

what is lexical bias?

A

Focusses on the word, but not the tone

82
Q

what is locution?

A

Literal meaning

83
Q

what is illocutioon

A

The intended meaning

84
Q

what is perlocution?

A

How should I feel about it?

85
Q

expressive aphasia BROCAS AREA

A

cant produce language but understands it

86
Q

whats receptive aphasia/wernicks aphasia

A

they may not say the right thing

87
Q

mental imagery happens in the absence of…

A

sensory input

88
Q

who thought visual imagery was a function of thought

A

edward titchner

89
Q

what is the perky effect

A

describes the relationship between real visual information (perception) and mental imagery.

90
Q

Brain, regions, associated with blank, and blank are most active during rem

A

Vision and emotion

91
Q

propositional representation

A

mental relationships between objects are represented by symbols and not by mental images of the scene.

92
Q

depictive representation

A

similar to realistic pictures

93
Q

implicit encoding

A

mental imagery is used to retrieve info

94
Q

perceptual equivalence

A

vision and touch function in the same way

95
Q

Transformational equivalence

A

when imagining an object we can think of it in different angles like we would with a physical one

96
Q

structural equivalence

A

visual images are formed like physical pictures with pieces that fit together to form a final image.

97
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

An impairment in recognizing visually presented objects

98
Q

What is synthesia

A

Seeing music

99
Q

what are two strategies of spatial navigation?

A

Egocentric and allocentric

100
Q

what is egocentric navigation

A

Position relative to start based purely on physical movement, uses turn rate and distance

101
Q

what is allocentric navigation

A

Cognitive map and it’s in long-term memory hippocampus is needed

102
Q

in gender what plays in the role of navigation

A

Men have better accuracy and women based navigation on landmarks and directions

103
Q

what is the food storing bird called and what neurologically changes

A

Clarks nutcracker, and the hippocampus changes

104
Q

what bird does long-distance navigation?

A

European starlings they begin in Norway, and then travel to Spain

105
Q

what is vector navigation

A

Follows only One Direction

106
Q

what is true navigation

A

If you release an animal anywhere, they will find their way back

107
Q

what is special about homing pigeons?

A

They use all factory cues to smell changes in the wind and they have magnetic cues that are sensitive to change in earths fields

108
Q

are butterflies capable of forming a cognitive map

A

No

109
Q

our turtles capable of forming a cognitive map

A

No

110
Q

what do bees do to find food?

A

Dance

111
Q

retroactive interference

A

New learning interferes with old learning from getting maybe from decay

112
Q

proactive interference

A

A person is not able to remember new information because old information stop the retrieval of new information

113
Q

what strategy do superior memorizes use?

A

mnemonic strategies combine visual imagery with spatial information

114
Q

what is absentmindedness

A

Resulted from poor attention during coding and example being when you thought you locked your house because you do it every day but you forgot

115
Q

what is prospective memory

A

remembering to perform a planned action

116
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Long-term memory that uses previous experiences with the context of time place and associated emotion

117
Q

what is the reminiscence bump?

A

A form of mental time travel

118
Q

What is a flashbulb memory?

A

Vivid memory about an emotionally significant event, but they only recall aspects from other information learned

119
Q

what is category clustering, and what’s an example

A

Organizing in memory by related groups

120
Q

What did the wording of questions affect memory paper discuss

A

Students answers can be changed based on how the question was worded

121
Q

what is the misinformation effect?

A

changing how the question is worded provides a different answe

122
Q

what is cryptomnesia

A

Taking some from someone else, but you didn’t know you did it an example being stealing a song but you didn’t know you did it

123
Q

what is the illusory truth effect?

A

Repetition increases a persons confidence for something being true when it may not be

124
Q

What is a false memory?

A

Someone recalls something that didn’t happen

125
Q

simultaneous lineups versus sequential lineups

A

sequential lineup shows lineup members to the witness one at a time simultaneous lineup shows the witness all lineup members at once.

126
Q

the case of ronald cotton proves what?

A

Conclusive DNA testing later proved that he was not the attacker and that the memory can be inaccurate

127
Q

absolute judgments

A

degree of match between an individual lineup member and memory for the perpetrator;

128
Q

relative judgments

A

degree to which the best-matching lineup member is a better match to memory than the remaining lineup members

Usask year 3.1 (11 decks)

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