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Usask year 3.1 > Speech language > Flashcards

Speech language Flashcards

1
Q

what is a speech correctionist

A

term coined by alexander bell but its a person who focuses on articulation

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2
Q

how did alexander bell contribute to speech

A

Studied formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style and tone

Designed formal system of speech rehabilitation for the deaf

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3
Q

how did speech practice expand in the states

A

through nats and theater and public speaking

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4
Q

how did ww1 affect speech

A

most soldiers came home with hearing loss and communication issues

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5
Q

the american speech language and hearing association roots in?

A

psych and medicine

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6
Q

in canadian history when did speech become more accesible?

A

in the 50s because of post war injuries

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7
Q

by definition what is a speech pathologist

A

medicl proffesional held to certain standards that is an expert in communication and swallowing

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8
Q

what is the definiton of ethics?

A

the principle of conduct governing an individual or group the process of deciding what is the right thing to do in a moral dilemna

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9
Q

what is cultural competence

A

the understanding and appropriate responding to the unique
combination of cultural variables that the professional and the client/patient bring
to interactions

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10
Q

to recieve input you need…

A

visual auditory and tactile

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11
Q

to send output u need

A

gestural verbal and graphics

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12
Q

what is verbal communication for?

A

actual, abstract and persuasive
communication

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13
Q

what is nonverbal important for?

A

judging, emotions and attitudes

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14
Q

what helps to convey message in oral spoken language?

A

Content, prosody, and superpragmentals

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15
Q

If there is conflict between verbal and nonverbal communication, the nonverbal cues are what

A

Believed

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16
Q

how is oral spoken language determined 

A

social and cultural factors 

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17
Q

native speakers have two languages. What are they? 

A

listening/speaking and reading/writing 

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18
Q

by definition, what is a communication disorder 

A

impairment and ability to receive comprehend, send messages in any modality 

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19
Q

What areas can communication disorders happen in?

A

speech, language, cognition, voice, resonance, and hearing

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20
Q

Examples of articulation changes

A

speech, phonemes, and accents 

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21
Q

examples of prosody changes 

A

Voice and resonance


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22
Q

examples of sentence structure 

A

syntax and morphology 

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23
Q

fluency communication disorders

A

stuttering and cluttering 

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24
Q

voice issues communication disorders

A

dysphonia and motor speech disorder 

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25
Q

Where is anterior?

A

Front the first letter of the alphabet is a so it means the front



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26
Q

where is posterior in location to the brain?

A

The back pee is at the end of the alphabet so it’s at the back


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27
Q

in reference to the body, where is superior


A

higher than something an example is, the arm is superior to hands 

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28
Q

in location to the body where is inferior

A

lower

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29
Q

what is medial and lateral

A

middle and the edge

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30
Q

whats the difference between anatomy and physiology

A

anatomy is the structures and physiology is how thi gs work

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31
Q

what is the resonatory system

A

the pharynx throat nasal cavity

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32
Q

what is the phonotoary system

A

voicing larynx

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33
Q

what is the respitory

A

trachea lungs alveoli diaphragm

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34
Q

what does the articulatory system do

A

production of speech sounds

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35
Q

list the skeletal structures of articulation

A

maxilla
alveolar ridge
mandible
tmj
frontal lobe
tenporal bones
zygomatic bones

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36
Q

if you have an articulation disorder you may have these disorders

A

articulation phonological and motor speech

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37
Q

If you habe a language disorder

A

receptive expressive cognitive and hearing disorders

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38
Q

if u have fluency disorders you may have issues with

A

stuttering and cluttering

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39
Q

If you have voice disorders you may hve issues with

A

dysphonia and aphonia

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40
Q

if you have a resonance disorder you may have

A

hypernasality and hyponasality

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41
Q

if you have a cognitive issue thats affecting your speech you may have

A

dementia

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42
Q

Muscle structures of articulation

A

lips
orbicularis oris
buccinator and masseter

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43
Q

skeletal system in tongue

A

tongue primary articulator
dentition

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44
Q

what does resonance mean

A

quality of the voice that results from the vibration in the vocal tract

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45
Q

what are the structures in resonance?

A

Hard palate and alveolar ridge
velum
pharynx
nasal cavity
Velopharyngeal mechanism

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46
Q

what is the velopharyngeal mechanimand what is its purpose?

A

Includes soft palate and pharayngeal wall
proper resonance
making oral and nasal sounds

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47
Q

what are the systems in the phonotory system

A

Larynx
thiroid and cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
false and true folds

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48
Q

process of phonation

A

vocal folds close
Air from trachea to closed vocal folds
Air pressure builds andpressure increases below the vocal cords
vocal folds open
lungs are exhaling
Vocal folds close again
Air to the mouth to create a sound

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49
Q

whats the importance of the phonotary system

A

creates our voice

50
Q

what is frequency whatis it measured in

A

perceived as pitch and its measured in hz

51
Q

Whats is intensity and what does it do

A

perceived as loudness
it describes vocal folds that open and close

52
Q

whats intonation for

A

subtle changes in pitch loudness and duration

53
Q

whats the respitory system good for

A

controls breathing and supplies oxygenated blood to the body
its responsible for producing speech

54
Q

whats the structure of respitory system

A

thorax
upper part of trunk
holds the lungs and heart

55
Q

what are the lungs made of

A

alveolar sacs

56
Q

whats the process of quiet breathing

A

inhaled air through the nostrils from the nasal cavity to the larynx then opens the vocal folds
air continues through the trachea
the air then divides into both sides of the lungs through the bronchi

57
Q

how many muscles are responsible for respiration

A

26 pairs

58
Q

what is the diaphragm used for

A

primairy muscle for respiration
inhale = moves down
exhale = moves up

59
Q

when the diaphragm is moved down what happens to the volume in the thoracic cavity

A

its increased

60
Q

in the nervous system the brain is divided into two sides what for?

A

Left: speech language and motor
right: cognition semantics and communications

61
Q

what is the frontal lobe for?

A

prefrontal cortex is for executive functions and cognition

62
Q

what are the parietal lobes for

A

left side recieves sensation for the right side of the body
Right side =left side

63
Q

what are 4 sensations that the parietal lobe uses

A

sensation in hands and faces
taste from the tongue
tactile
temp touch pressure pain

64
Q

whats the temporal lobe important for

A

language processing and auditory comprehension

65
Q

what is heschls gyrus responsible for?

A

perceives sounds

66
Q

where is the wernickes area found

A

temporal lobe left hemisphere only

67
Q

what does wernickes area do

A

receives signals of perceived sound and interrupts the meaning and processing

68
Q

what is the occipital lobe responsible for

A

impulses travelling down the optic nerve
there for visual images

69
Q

what are the four parts of the CNS

A

brain, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord

70
Q

what is the cerebellum responsible for

A

maintains balance and equillibrium

71
Q

What is the brainstem responsible for

A

Connect brain to spinal cord it controlls face mouth and the larynx

72
Q

where are the cranial nerves in location to the brain

A

on the brainstem on the pons and medulla
theres 12 pairs of cranial nerves that exit brainstem

73
Q

How many nerves are used for speech

A

7

74
Q

What is the spinal cords job

A

it sends sensory and motor impulses to the brain
There are nerve fibers and the spinal cord is protected by the vertbral column

75
Q

what is the trigeminal V and face nerves VII for

A

trigeminal: face and jaws
facial: face and tongue

76
Q

what is the hearing and balance cranial nerve called

A

vestibulocochlear or auditory viii

77
Q

what is the cranial nerve called thats responsible for the tongue and pharynx

A

glossopharyngeal IV

78
Q

what is the vagus X cranial nerve responsible for

A

larynx respiration heart think of nose for breathing

79
Q

what are the neck / sholder and tongue / neck cranial nerves called?

A

accessory xi = neck and sholder
hypoglossal xii = tongue and neck

80
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system responsible for?

A

all the nerves that exit from the brainstem or the spinal cord

81
Q

if a nerve exits the brain stem what is the nerve called

A

cranial nerve

82
Q

where do the spinal nerves exit

A

spinal nerves

83
Q

the pns allows what system to communicate info to the body

A

sensory and motor

84
Q

what are false vocal folds

A

they sit on top of true vocal folds and vibrate but they dont support vocal movement

85
Q

whats the difference between speech and language development

A

speech development focuses on individual sounds and focuses on helping individuals communicate their feelings

language development focuses on sounds and words as well as communication styles

86
Q

In refrence to learning speech what is behavioural theory?

A

language is learned thru imitation reinforcment and practice

87
Q

what is parantese

A

high pitch tone parents speak to children

88
Q

give an example of behaviour therapy in real life pediatric

A

when a bby says mama as being picked up

89
Q

what is nativist theory in speech

A

speech and language are activated when exposed to stimuli

90
Q

an example of nativist theory in childrens speech?

A

Teaching a child when and how to use plurals and progressives

91
Q

what is semantic and cognitive theory in relation to speech

A

Semantic meaning preceds syntactic form

92
Q

Whats an example of semantic cognitive theory

A

turn taking game and book reading as a stimuli

93
Q

what is the card method

A

complexity amound rate and duration

these things are all. important to think about when a child is having difficulties wirh langauge development

94
Q

(birth - 6 months) with in speech development

A

lots of glottal sounds
limited control of soft palate

95
Q

(birth - 6 months) charaxteristics language development

A

learn thru senses and reflexes crying and grunts

96
Q

(6 - 12months) with in speech development

A

they start producing vowels but its not yet intentional
teeth and tongue are developing

97
Q

(6 - 12months) with in language development

A

Start using facial expressions
start to learn what they like

98
Q

whats a sign of hearing loss in children

A

if the child isnt babbling by 8 months

99
Q

what are signs for a child having a visual impairment issue

A

they have a narrow use of words and use higher intonation

100
Q

12-24months of speech and lang dev characteristics?

A

Speech: babbling and true words 50% intelligible

Lang: expand vocabulary
MLU: 2-2.5

101
Q

2yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?

A

Speech: primary form of communication

Lang: have own opinions
Approx 300 word vocab

102
Q

3/4yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?

A

Language: grammatical morphemes learnt

103
Q

6-12yrs of speech and lang dev characteristics?

A

speech: adjust to audience
Lang: complex sentences

104
Q

what is a phonological disorder

A

several phoneme errors that create patterns

105
Q

what are the most common articulation disorder errors?

A

soda: substitutions, omissions, distortions and additions

106
Q

what does treatment for articulation disorders depend on?

A

the child age
the type of speech errors
the severity
and how intelligble there speech is

107
Q

prior to an assesment what info should you know about the child? 5pts

A

birth and development history
medical and fam history
speech and lang dev
hearing difficulties
school history

108
Q

what is rapport building

A

where the child gets comfy w clinician and plays with toys the clinician begins to ask structured questions

109
Q

whats receptive language?

A

the ability to understand and comprehend the spoken language that one reads or hears

110
Q

whats expressive language

A

the ability to make requests make choices ask questions answer and describe events

111
Q

what is a hearing screening

A

a hearing test we can report if they pass or fail
make reccomendations and will refer to audiologist

112
Q

What is an oral mechanism exam OME

A

assess facial features, physiology, and dental structure

113
Q

what is a speech sample

A

recording speech and writing out what words and understood and - for not understood
from this test several areas can be assesed

114
Q

whats a structures articulation assesment

A

often asking children to name a set of pictures
Analyze initial medial and final position sounds

115
Q

what does stimulability mean?

A

If a child can correctly imitate a sound but cant say on own

116
Q

what is a phonological assesment?

A

assess sound processes and look for phonological patterns

117
Q

what is language screening

A

look at the child’s oral-motor movements
speech (how your child pronounces sounds) and language (how your child comprehends and processes information
often refer to audiologist

118
Q

what are treatment steps for articulation disorders

A

1) listen for target sounds = aud bombardment
2)stimuability
3) CV, VC and CVC words
4) sentences and storytelling

119
Q

what is orofacial myofunctional disorder

A

abnormal movement patterns of the face and mouth

120
Q

signs of omd Orofacial myofunctional disorder

A

mouth breathing
limited tongue movement
drooling beyond 2 years

121
Q

what is the treatment for phonological disorders

A

teach whole sound class at a time
practice voicing and contrasting phonemes

Usask year 3.1 (11 decks)

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