cell structure Flashcards
why is it important to learn about cell structure
disease/ treatments act here, drug development, personalised medicine/diagnosis/screenings
what are diseases
result of alterations of regulation/structures of molecules
describe what cells are in general terms
highly organised basic units of life
what is classification of cells based on and name the 3 classifications
the presence of membrane around genetic material
-eukaryotes: defined nuclear structure
-prokaryotes: not defined
-virus: require host cell to replicate
function of the cytoplasm
semi-solid fluid, all contents outside nucleus, site of metabolic reactions
function of the cytosol
water bit of the cytoplasm
function of the nucleus
contains enzymes/proteins for DNA regulation, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope (double membrane), nuclear pores in the envelope for passage of small molecules, nuclear laminar (network of proteins for structural integrity)
what is nuclear laminar
network of proteins in the nucleus for structural integrity
structures of nucleus
nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin material
structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum
make proteins, network of flattened sacs/tubules of membrane, posttranslational modification on proteins
rough ER- ribosomes attached, protein synthesis, near nucleus
smooth ER- no ribosomes, further away
function and structure of the golgi apparatus/complex
transports/sorts/processes proteins/lipids, stacks of flat smooth membrane/sacs/vesicles
cis- receives protein/lipid from ER
stack- processes them
trans- delivery of proteins
function of mitochondria
main energy/ATP supply, double membrane that contains enzymes from ETC/krebs cycle/ oxidation, own genetic material, inherited from mother, contains extrachromosomal DNA
function of lysosomes
breakdown harmful material using lysozymes, acidic environments, involved in phagocytosis
function of peroxixomes
does reduction and oxidation reactions
function of ribosomes
protein synthesis (translation), eukaryotes have 80s and prokaryotes have 70s, rRNA fold to make 3D ribosomal structure