cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

why is it important to learn about cell structure

A

disease/ treatments act here, drug development, personalised medicine/diagnosis/screenings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are diseases

A

result of alterations of regulation/structures of molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe what cells are in general terms

A

highly organised basic units of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is classification of cells based on and name the 3 classifications

A

the presence of membrane around genetic material
-eukaryotes: defined nuclear structure
-prokaryotes: not defined
-virus: require host cell to replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of the cytoplasm

A

semi-solid fluid, all contents outside nucleus, site of metabolic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of the cytosol

A

water bit of the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of the nucleus

A

contains enzymes/proteins for DNA regulation, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope (double membrane), nuclear pores in the envelope for passage of small molecules, nuclear laminar (network of proteins for structural integrity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is nuclear laminar

A

network of proteins in the nucleus for structural integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

structures of nucleus

A

nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

make proteins, network of flattened sacs/tubules of membrane, posttranslational modification on proteins
rough ER- ribosomes attached, protein synthesis, near nucleus
smooth ER- no ribosomes, further away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function and structure of the golgi apparatus/complex

A

transports/sorts/processes proteins/lipids, stacks of flat smooth membrane/sacs/vesicles
cis- receives protein/lipid from ER
stack- processes them
trans- delivery of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of mitochondria

A

main energy/ATP supply, double membrane that contains enzymes from ETC/krebs cycle/ oxidation, own genetic material, inherited from mother, contains extrachromosomal DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of lysosomes

A

breakdown harmful material using lysozymes, acidic environments, involved in phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of peroxixomes

A

does reduction and oxidation reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis (translation), eukaryotes have 80s and prokaryotes have 70s, rRNA fold to make 3D ribosomal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

function and structure of cytoskeleton

A

internal scaffolding and cell structure, composed of filamentous protein, micro/intermediate filaments and microtubules

17
Q

function of cytoplasmic membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer, regulates movement in and out cell

18
Q

where does ATP synthesis occur in bacteria

A

cytoplasmic membrane

19
Q

where is extra chromosomal DNA stored

A

mitochondria

20
Q

where is rRNA stored

A

nucleus

21
Q

difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

eukaryotes- membrane bound DNA, nuclear pores, diploid (2 copies of chromosomes), larger genome, 80s ribosomes, no cell wall sometimes, distinct cytoskeleton, membrane bound vesicles carry out specific roles (mitochondria, ER, golgi)

prokaryotes- not membrane bound, haploid (singular circular chromosome), smaller genome, extra DNA for antibiotic resistance, less membrane bound organelles, main respiration site is ETC, 70s ribosome, cell wall, less cytoskeleton

22
Q

anatomy of a virus

A

capsid- protects viral genome
capsomer- protects genome material and holds enzymes
attachment proteins

23
Q

difference between a naked and enveloped virus

A

naked- only capsid
enveloped- capsid surrounded by a lipid bilayer (envelope) from host cell which holds viral proteins

24
Q

what is a virus

A

microorganism, needs to host cell to live/replicate, highly adaptable, infects cell and replicates using host cell, simple genome, lots of variation, reverse transcription (making DNA from RNA) is how they replicate

25
Q

give an example of a naked virus

A

hepatitis A, polio

26
Q

give an example of a enveloped virus

A

corona virus, influenza, HIV