CH4.3 Consciousness and 4.4 Conscious Altering Drugs

Question 1

alterness

Answer 1

aware, awake, attentive, prepared to act or react

Question 2

EEG when conscious

Answer 2

beta waves with high frequency

Question 3

reticular formation

Answer 3

net like collection of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine producing neurons in brain stem that project to prefrontal cortex

NE is also a sympathetic NS hormone

maintain circadian rythms and altertness

Question 4

loss of signaling from reticular formation to prefrontal cortex can lead to

Answer 4

comatode state

but timed decreases allows you to sleep

Question 5

frequencies of beta, alpha, theta, and delta waves in EEG

Answer 5

beta 16-31 Hz— alert
alpha 8-15 —
theta 4-7— irregular, start of sleep
alpha ——
delta 0.1-3

Question 6

stages of sleep and EEG waves

Answer 6

initial theta waves 4-7 Hz which are slower and irregular

stage 1: creates sleep spindles (bundles of frequency)
stage 2: K complexes
stage 3: long slow delta waves, less frequend and lower amplitude
cognitive recovery, memory consolidation, growth hormone release, SWS
stage 4: beta waves, REM, increase in heart rate,

Question 7

what kinds of memory are consolidated in SWS?

Answer 7

procedural and declarative memory

Question 8

retina and pineal

Answer 8

retina light increase and decreases stimulates and inhibits the pineal gland to release melatonin

Question 9

superchiasmatic nucleus

Answer 9

each of a pair of small nuclei in the hypothalamus of the brain, above the optic chiasma, thought to be concerned with the regulation of physiological circadian rhythms.

Question 10

kinds of conscious altering drugs

Answer 10

depressants - inhibition (GABA), alcohol, barbituants, benzines, benzos
stimulants - increase dopamine and serotonin, anxiety, euphira, cocaine, amphetamines increase heart rate, appepite
opiates - endorphins, pain relief, morphine, heroin
hallucoinogens - serotinin pathways, reality distortion, sensation changes, LSD, ketamine

Question 11

opioid types

Answer 11

natural (morphine, codeine)
semisynthetic (oxycodone, hydrocone, heroine)

Question 12

methadone

Answer 12

long acting opiod with lower risk of overdose works with a competitive inhibition affect

Question 13

LSD mechanisms

Answer 13

serotonin pathways?

Question 14

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can act on

Answer 14

cannabinoid receptors
glycine receptors
opiod receptors

inhibits GABA
decreases dopamine