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microbio > microbial planet > Flashcards

microbial planet Flashcards

1
Q

microbe

A

free living organism so small that its visible under microscope

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2
Q

microbe characteristics

A

Abundant, source of all life forms, diverse, grows everywhere there is water, transforms geosphere, essential to life and climate, cause disease, influence behavior

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3
Q

human use of microbes

A

chemical activities for industrial stuff, engineering vaccines, enhancing food, evil intent, pcr

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4
Q

small cell allows for

A

better chemical exchange (faster growth) due to better surface area to volume ratio

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5
Q

small cell disadvantage

A

easy predation

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6
Q

microbes time on earth

A

3.8 billion years

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7
Q

how microbes contributes to a habitable planet

A

recycling elements, digest cellulose, food chain, nitrogen cycle, production of rocks

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8
Q

Robert Hooke

A

(1665) discovered and named cell

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9
Q

Anton van leeuwenhoek

A

(1673-1723) described/saw live organisms

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10
Q

cell theory

A

all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, all cells come from cells

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11
Q

spontaneous generation

A

(19th century) living organism come from nonliving matter via a life force. ex: moist soils will “grow” toads

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12
Q

biogenesis

A

living organisms come from preexisting life

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13
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

-(1861) disproved spontaneous generation with broth experiment
-yeast responsible for fermentation
- pasteurization
-made anthrax, rabbies, fowl cholera vaccines
- help develop germ theory

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14
Q

fermentation

A

anaerobic conversation of sugar to alcohol

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15
Q

pasteurization

A

Heat blast something briefly to kill bacteria and prevent spoilage

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16
Q

germ theory of disease

A

Microorganisms cause disease and food spoilage

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17
Q

Semmelweis

A

advocated hand washing to prevent disease (puerperal fever)

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18
Q

Lister

A

used chemical disinfectants to prevent infections

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19
Q

aseptic technique

A

prevents contamination

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20
Q

koch proved

A

specific microbes cause specific diseases

21
Q

kochs postulates

A
  1. suspected pathogen is present in all cases of a disease
  2. the pathogen must be grown in a pure culture
  3. cells from culture must infect a healthy animal
  4. the pathogen can be reisolated and the the same as original
22
Q

first person credited with vaccination

A

Edward Jenner- first person to write it down- cowpox to protect from smallpox

23
Q

immunity

A

protection by vaccination or recovery

24
Q

Chemotherapy

A

chemicals for treatment

25
Q

synthetic drugs

A

“true” chemicals

26
Q

antibiotics

A

chemicals produced by organisms that inhibit or kill other microbes- hopefully more harmful to target than to the host

27
Q

first synthetic drug

A

Quinine- from tree bark to treat malaria

28
Q

Ehrlich

A

1910- developed synthetic arsenic drug (Salvarsan) to treat syphilis

29
Q

Fleming

A

(1928) discovered first antibiotics by accident, penicillin

30
Q

Sulfonamides

A

(1930) “sulfa drugs,” are a group of medicines used to treat bacterial infections

31
Q

pathogenic

A

disease causing

32
Q

human microbiota assist with

A
  • maintain good health
    – prevent growth of pathogenic microbes
    – train the immune system to discriminate
    threats
33
Q

human microbiota

A

-group of microbes that live
stably on/in the human body
-40 billions cells

34
Q

Normal microbiota

A

collection of acquired microorganisms on/in a healthy human

35
Q

transient microbiota

A

colonize the superficial layers of the skin fleetingly

36
Q

prebiotics

A

feed the existing microbiome

37
Q

probiotics

A

add to microbiome

38
Q

3 domains of life

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

39
Q

archaea characteristics

A

“cell wall”, extreme bacteria, prokaryotic, non pathogenic, unicellular,DNA

40
Q

eukarya characteristics

A

membrane bound organelles, might have a cell wall,
Ex. algae, fungi, protozoans, plants

41
Q

prions

A

misfolded protein, acellular, lack RNA and DNA

42
Q

virusis

A

acellular, RNA or DNA, enveloped or non enveloped, parasite

43
Q

bacteria features

A

unicellular, prokaryotes, DNA, cell wall (peptidoglycan), usally nonpathogenic, auto/heterotrophic, antibiotic susceptibility,

44
Q

protist

A

unicellular, eukaryotic, DNA, classified on locomotion methods, a/sexual reproduction, heterotrophic

45
Q

algae

A

photosynthetic, uni/multicell, eukaryotic, cellulose cell wall, some pathogenic, not infectious,

46
Q

fungi features

A

eukaryotic, heterotrophic, budding reproduction, chitin cell wall, uni/multcellular

47
Q

helminths

A

multicell parasites, eukaryotic, macroscopic, DNA, heterotrophic

48
Q

7 groups of microbes from smallest to largest

A

Virus (0.02 micrometers)
Archea (0.1 micrometers)
Algae (0.2 micrometers)
Bacteria (0.5 micrometers)
Protozoa (1 micrometers)
Fungi (2 micrometers)
Multicellular animal parasite

49
Q

salvarsan

A

synthetic arsenic drug, treated syphilis, Ehrlich

microbio (21 decks)

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