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microbio > chap 2, Cell exterior > Flashcards

chap 2, Cell exterior Flashcards

cell exterior of prokaryotic cells

1
Q

all eukaryotic cells have

A

cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasma membranes, nuclei containing DNA

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2
Q

cell envelopes

A

surrounds cytoplasm of prokaryotes
made of cell membrane, cell wall, appendages attach here

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3
Q

monomorphic

A

single shape- most bacteria

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4
Q

pleomorphic

A

many shapes/forms

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5
Q

spiral shapes

A

vibrio (one bend), spirillum (twisty, usually have flagella, ridgid), spirochete (corkscrew)

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6
Q

Nucleoid

A

prokaryote location of chromosome

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7
Q

pairs prefix (2)

A

dip

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8
Q

cluster

A

Staphylo

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9
Q

chains

A

Strepto

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10
Q

tetrads

A

four, cube like

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11
Q

sarcine

A

groups of 8

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12
Q

bacillus

A

rod

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13
Q

coccus

A

spherical

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14
Q

morphology effects

A

nutrient intake, motility (swimming and gliding)

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15
Q

resolution

A

ability of a lens to distinguish between two points

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16
Q

refractive index

A

light bending ability of medium/ microbe

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17
Q

light microscopy

A

white light (0.2 microns), stains,

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18
Q

TEM

A

electron microscopy, sections, 0.01 nm resolution (high), shows internal structures

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19
Q

SEM

A

electron microscopy, 10nm resolution, shows surfaces

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20
Q

scanning probe microscopy

A

can see atoms, surface? yea idk

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21
Q

cryo-EM

A

sample is flash frozen and prepared

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22
Q

cell membrane is a - and consist of

A

selective permeable barrier, consist of: phospholipid bilayer, proteins, some have sterol

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23
Q

Archaeal mono layer

A

more stable and resistant than bilayers

24
Q

where is ion gradient formed

A

cell membrane

25
Q

ion gradient produces

A

ATP, proton-motive force

26
Q

cell wall fuction

A

shapes cell, anchors appendages, protects membrane and cell interior, prevents osmotic lysis

27
Q

cell wall major component (bacteria)

A

peptidoglycan, murein

28
Q

4 types of bacteria (based on cell wall/staining)

A

gram positive, gram negative, acid fast, mycoplasmas

29
Q

gram positive

A

thick cell wall, purple, teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids

30
Q

gram negative

A

thin cell wall, has outer membrane, red, LPS, harmful chem resistant, periplasm

31
Q

Peptidoglycan held together by

A

NAG and NAM

32
Q

teichoic acids

A

(gram +) links to peptidoglycan (wall), regulate movement of cations, has antigenic variations, provides ridgity, adheres to stuff

33
Q

lipoteichoic acids

A

links wall to membrane (attached to phosolipid)

34
Q

gram negative cell wall is made of

A

lipid a, core polysaccharide, o antigen repeating subunits

35
Q

lipid A is

A

an end toxin, can only release if cell is dead

36
Q

outer membrane premeability

A

less permeable than inner

37
Q

porin

A

(-) allows small hydrophillc molecules to enter cell

38
Q

transport systems

A

(-)special proteins that allows larger hydrophilic things in cell

39
Q

periplasm

A

(gram -) space between inner and outer membrane, **contains murein, **proteins that help with nutrition, has enzymes, solution of cell wall precursors

40
Q

acid fast

A

mycolic acids (wax, branched hydrocarbon), slow growers, impermeable,

41
Q

gram positive intake nutrients with

A

transport proteins

42
Q

gram negative nutrient intake via

A

trans. proteins, porins

43
Q

mycoplasmas

A

no cell wall/peptidoglycan, contains sterols

44
Q

s layer

A

archaea, protein layer surrounding cell, selectively permeable, anchors enzymes, shapes, glycoproteins

45
Q

archaea cell wall

A

most have none, will have s layer

46
Q

capsule

A

well attached, uniform, prevents phagocytosis, retains water and nutrients, chemical protectant, involved in attachment

47
Q

slime layer

A

looser, prevents phagocytosis, retains water and nutrients, chemical protectant, involved in attachment

48
Q

exoploysaccaride (EPS)

A

released polysaccharide (sugar), sticky outer layer, gelatinous,

49
Q

biofilm

A

microbe community, made of microbes with slime/capsules

50
Q

acid fast nutrient intake via

A

small protein channels, slow

51
Q

murein is composed of

A

N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM), N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG), cross linked peptides, D amino acids

52
Q

LPS

A

provide structural integrity and a permeability barrier

53
Q

mycolic acids

A

acid fast, branched
hydrocarbons, 60-90 carbons long)

54
Q

Psuedomuerin

A

Archaea, different linkage of sugar backbone and
L amino acid

55
Q

capsule and slime layer is made of

A

made of polysaccharides/peptides

microbio (21 decks)

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