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microbio > ch 17 > Flashcards

ch 17 Flashcards

1
Q

viruses characteristics

A

non motile, rna or dna, acellular, visible under electron microscopy, not alive, small asf, abundant

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2
Q

capsid

A

portion coat, may have spikes

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3
Q

obligate intracellular parasite

A

must replicate inside host

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4
Q

what can viruses infect

A

all living organisms

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5
Q

strains

A

differ in virulence and antigenic properties

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6
Q

varient

A

altered genotype, but does same thing

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7
Q

virus classified

A

host, size and shape, envelope, nucleic acid, disease caused

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8
Q

host range is determined by

A

specific host attachment sites and cell factors for multiplication

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9
Q

zoonosis

A

animal virus that jumps to human

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10
Q

virion

A

ready to infect host cell

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11
Q

virion parts

A

nucleic acid- DNA/RNA, singe or double, linear or circular
protein coat- capsid
envelope- extra capsid layer (maybe), from host

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12
Q

nuceleocapsid

A

nucleic acid plus capsid

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13
Q

spikes on viruses are - for -

A

spiky protein for attachment

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14
Q

capsid shapes

A

icosahedral or helical

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15
Q

enveloped viruses appear

A

spherical

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16
Q

how to viruses acquire envelopes

A

steal plasma membrane and proteins from host

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17
Q

budding

A

developing a virion

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18
Q

complex viruses

A

capsid with additional structures
ex bacteriophage

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19
Q

helical virus

A
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20
Q

polyhedral virus

A

Many sided – 20 equilateral triangular faces
– Example: adenovirus and poliovirus

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21
Q

virions encode info to make proteins for

A

structure, attachment, replication modifications of nucleic acids

22
Q

class I

A

dsDNA

23
Q

class II

A

ssDNA

24
Q

class III

A

dsRNA

25
Q

class IV

A

+ssRNA

26
Q

class V

A

-ssRNA

27
Q

class VI

A

ssRNA-RT

28
Q

class VII

A

dsDNA-RT

29
Q

positive nucleic acid polarity

A

virus can act as mRNA

30
Q

-viridae

A

virus family name

31
Q

viral species

A

“common name”
group of viruses sharing the same genetic info and ecological niche

32
Q

virus infection cycle

A

1.attachment/absorption
2.entry- fusion/endocytosis
3. uncoating
4. biosynthesis- make parts
5. maturation- assemble
6.release

33
Q

eclipse periods

A

bn attachment and release

34
Q

If host has high glucose, virus will be

A

lytic (replicate in cell, take over, go crazy)

35
Q

If host has low glucose, virus will be

A

lysogenic (incorporate into genome)

36
Q

animal virus cell attachment

A

bind to receptor on host (glycolipids or glycoproteins)

37
Q

dsDNA virus

A

use host cell machinery directly, need to enter nucleus

38
Q

episomes

A

circular DNA, virus genome integrated into host DNA

39
Q

ssDNA

A

use host cell machinery directly, replicates ssDNA to dsDNA, ssDNA for progeny

40
Q

dsRNA

A

need RNA replicase
replicated as dsRNA

41
Q

ssRNA

A

need RNA replicase
ssRNA- template to make ssRNA+ for progeny
occurs in cytoplasm

42
Q

release via

A

budding or rupture

43
Q

easiest ways to repent viral infection

A

behavior and vaccination

44
Q

antivirals

A

not many, target unique viral structure

45
Q

RNA virus mutation rate

A

higher than DNA viruses

46
Q

drugs (3) that target HIV inhibit

A

intergrase, entry, reverse transcription, protease

47
Q

detecting viruses via counting

A

grow and look for plaques and cytopathic effects

48
Q

negri bodies (for rabies and such)

A

staining inclusion

49
Q

serotyping

A

antibody test for antibodies

50
Q

molecular methods for viral detection

A

DNA hybridization, PCR, RT-PCR

51
Q

Genus names end in

A

-virus

52
Q

treating viruses

A

Preventing infections (best option?)
– Vaccination
– Behavior
AND DRUGS THAT TARGET STRUCTURE

microbio (21 decks)

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