Dystocia Flashcards
what is the most common cause of dystocia in cows
feto-maternal disporportion
what is the most common cause of dystocia in sheep
malpresentations
List 5 effects of dystocia
reduced welfare
reduced production
stillbirth
dam death
post partum problems increased
what are the 4 options for management of dystocia
Manual correction and deliver per vaginum
Caesarean section
Foetotomy (foetus needs to be dead)
Euthanasia of dam +/- foetus
List 4 indications of caesarean section
foeto-maternal disproportion
malpresentations that cannot be corrected
breech calves
elective (e.g. high value calves)
when is a c-section not suitable - what should you do instead in this case
if calf is decomposing
perform a foetotomy
when is a foetotomy suitable
Foetus will not survive – only suitable if already dead (preferable to C-sec if not fresh) or if euthanasia of foetus required
what is a partial foetotomy
removal of part of the foetus only (e.g. head)
what is a total foetotmy
division of the whole foetus into 2 or more sections
List 5 advantages of a foetotomy
can be quick
reduction in foetal size allows easier delivery
can be done without assistance
avoids C-section
can be performed minimal equipment if required
List 3 disadvantges of a foetotomy
risk of iatrogenic injury
can take a long time (especially total)
requires training and technical competency
subcutaneous foetotomy
limb removal without skin
what are dropsical conditions
excess accumulation of amniotic fluid in amniotic cavity that is associated with a genetic or congenitally defective fetus.
List 4 indications of a percutaneous foetotomy
Foeto-maternal disproportion
Pathological foetal oversize
Congenital foetal malformations
Malpresentations that cannot be corrected
Describe Hydrallantois
Excess fluid accumulation in the allantois
placental origin
fetus is normal
Describe Hydramnion
excess fluid accumulation in the amnion
fetal origin
fetal abnormalities present
what occurs in hydrallantois
Up to 10x expected volume of allantoic fluid
Fluid accumulates after mid-gestation
reduced number of placentomes
permanent changes to endometrium