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14- FA- Reproduction > Post-partum period > Flashcards

Post-partum period Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it generally take for uterine involution

A

3-6 weeks

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2
Q

what is locia and when is it normal

A

red brwon- white discharge , lack odour
normal for -23 days

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3
Q

define retained fetal membranes

A

The non-expulsion of foetal membranes beyond 24 hours post calving
normal placental expulsion= withing 6 hours of calving

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4
Q

List risk factors for retained fetal membranes

A

induced parturition
shortened gestation
infectious disease
C-section
dystocia
foetotomy
twinning
nutritional deficiency
abortion
immuno-suppression
flunixin meglumine

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5
Q

Describe how to treat retained fetal mambranes

A

manual removal - 5-7 days after - shouldn’t require much pressure
systemic antibiotics - if systemically unwell
benign neglect- leave will come away on own

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6
Q

Impact of retained fetal membranes on production

A

production losses
reproductive losses
increase culling risk
increased likelihood to develop secondary health problems

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7
Q

when is it considered retain fetal membranes in sheep

A

if there >18 hours

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8
Q

List 5 risk factors for retained fetal membranes in sheep

A

c-section or dystocia
selenium or vit A deficiency
infectious abortion
obesity of dam
hypocalcaemia

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9
Q

What is puerperal metritis

A

usually occurs <10 days post-partum
fever >39. 5
systemic signs of illness
fetid watery red-brown discharge

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10
Q

what is clincal metritis

A

not systemically ill
purulent uterine discharge
within 21 days post-partum

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11
Q

List 3 risk factors of metritis in sheep

A

dead fetuses
Assisted delivery of multiple lambs without proper hygiene
Uterine prolapse

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12
Q

List 7 risk factors of metritis in cattle

A

abnormal stage 1 or 2 or labour
Uterine inertia
Premature calving and abortion
Induced calving
Twins
RFM
Dairy > beef

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13
Q

Describe what is seen with grade 1 metritis

A

Abnormally enlarged uterus
purulent uterine discharge
without any systemic signs of ill health

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14
Q

describe a grade 2 metritis

A

Abnormally enlarged uterus
purulent uterine discharge
with additional signs of systemic illness such as decreased milk yield, dullness, and fever

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15
Q

Describe a grade 3 metritis

A

Sometimes called puerperal metritis, or toxic metritis
abnormally enlarged uterus
purulent uterine discharge, with signs of toxaemia such as inappetence, cold extremities, depression, and/or collapse.

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16
Q

Describe how to treat grase 1 metritis

A

do not treat should clear themselves

17
Q

Describe how to treat grade 2-3 metritis

A

systemic antibiotics - penicillin 3-5 days
supportive therapy- NSAIDs, TLC, fluids, calcium borogluconate
Uterine lavage ??- saline only

18
Q

Describe clinical endometritis

A

Purulent uterine discharge (>50% pus) ≥21 days after parturition

OR

Mucopurulent uterine discharge (~50% pus. 50% mucus) >26 days after parturition
“Whites”

19
Q

Describe subclinical endometritis

A

> 18% neutrophils in uterine cytology sample collected 21-33 days after parturition

OR

> 10% neutrophils in uterine cytology sample collected 34-47 days after parturition
Uterine discharge not yet seen

Rarely diagnosed

20
Q

what is endometritis

A

infection of endometrium only

21
Q

List 4 risk factors of endometritis

A

trauma
hygiene
metabolism
larger hers size

22
Q

Describe how to diagnose clinical endometritis

A

transrectal palpation +/- US
vaginal exam- manual, metricheck

23
Q

describe how to diagnose subclinical endometritis

A

cytology on cervical swabs or lumen flush
uterine biopsy

24
Q

What is seen with endometritis on US

A

thick uterine wall
flocculant fluid in lumen

25
Q

what is a metricheck

A

Rubber diaphragm on steel rod

Inserted into vagina

Diaphragm collects fluid from vaginal floor

26
Q

what is a cytobrush

A

Brush inserted through the cervix into uterus
used to diagnose subclinical endometritis diagnosis

27
Q

what is grade 0 vaginal mucus score

A

clear or translucent mucus

28
Q

Describe grade 1 vaginal mucus score

A

mucus containing flecks of white or off-white pus

29
Q

describe grade 2 vaginal mucus score

A

Discharge containing≤50% white or off-white mucopurulent material

30
Q

describe grade 3 vaginal mucus score

A

Discharge containing≥50% purulent material, usually white or yellow, but occasionally sanguineous

31
Q

what pathogens are most identified in endometritis

A

E. coli
T. pyogenes
F. necrophorum

32
Q

Describe how to treat endometritis

A

33-50% may self cure
PGF2a
Intrauterine antibiotics - cefaprin

33
Q

Define pyometra in ruminants

A

Purulent or mucopurulent material within uterine lumen, causing uterine distension, in the presence of a closed cervix and functional corpus luteum

34
Q

Describe how to treat pyometras in cattle

A

PGF2a

14- FA- Reproduction (12 decks)

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