Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

14- FA- Reproduction > Infertility in farmed species workshop > Flashcards

Infertility in farmed species workshop Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 ways that infertility presents in farm animals

A

Animals that are not (or do not appear to be) cycling at all
Animals are cycling but do not conceive
Animals that conceive but do not maintain pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If Animals that are not (or do not appear to be) cycling at all
describe how to investigate

A

Rule out poor oestrus detection first (i.e. are these animals truly in anoestrus) –> data and clinical exam
Investigate possible reasons for true anoestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If animals are cycling but do not conceive
describe how to investigate

A

Investigate reasons for non-conception including the male animal or AI procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If Animals that conceive but do not maintain pregnancy
Describe how to investigate

A

Investigate reasons for foetal/embryonic death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 6 possible reasons for anoestrus in farm animals

A

failure to observe oestrus
metabolic/ nutritional
uterine infection
pregnancy
cystic ovarian disease
suckling calf at foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In sheep are infectious or non-infectious causes of infertility most important in sheep

A

infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are infectious or non-infectious causes of infertility most important in cattle

A

non-infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does BVD affect fertility

A

causes Early embryonic death (EED) and Ovarian damage
causes long returns to service and reduce conception rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Border disease presentes regarding fertility in sheep

A

increased barren rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 3 possible viral causes of infertility in farm species

A

BVD- cattle
Border disease- sheep and goats
IBR- cows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List 4 bacterial and protozoal causes of infertility in farm species

A

Leptospira - cattle (sheep can act as carriers)
Brucella - all ruminants
Campylobacter - cattle and sheep
Tritrichomonas- cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the effects of brucella

A

poor fertility
epididymitis and orchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does IBR effect reproductive performance

A

temporary ovarian necrosis
follicular degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List 2 special considerations you need to make for maiden heifer when investigating fertility

A

may not have reached puberty
may have repro tract abnormalities- e.g. freemartinism or Mucometra (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 4 possible effects of campylobacter on the repro tract in cattle/ sheep

A

Endometritis (cattle)
Failure to conceive
Early embryonic death (cattle)
Abortion (sheep and cattle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Before giving PGF2a to a cow what should you do

A

check for pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what effect does GnRH have at start of oestrus

A

ovulation in 24-48hrs

18
Q

what effect does GnRH have 10-12 days post-oestrus

A

reinforce CL action - aids progesterone secretion
Induce ovulation
Anti-luteolytic effects- makes CL less sensitive to PGF2a

19
Q

List 4 possible uses of GnRH

A

synch protocols
Treat follicular cysts
Treat anoestrus cows
Ovulation in repeat breeder cows

20
Q

List 6 possible causes of ‘ cycling cows that do not conceive’

A

improper/ incorrect insemination
infectious causes
toxins
metabolic/ nutritional cauases
iatrogenic causes- improper use of hormonal drugs
Sire choice

21
Q

How does PGF2a work

A

Cause luteolysis of CL –> fall in progesterone resulting in FSH and LH release
Only work if CL present

22
Q

at what point is a CL sensitive to PGF2a

A

CL only sensitive to PGF2α between days 5 – 15 of cycle
>17mm diameter on US scan

23
Q

List 5 potential uses of PGF2a

A

Synch protocols
Treat luteal cysts
Induce abortion or parturition
Treat pyometra
Control of breeding and oestrus timing

24
Q

Describe how progesterone works

A

Acts as an exogenous CL –> release progesterone and suppress GnRH release
Dominant follicle develops —> does not ovulate
Removal of device (drop in progesterone) –> LH surge —> ovulation

25
Q

List 5 potential uses of progesterone devices

A

Synch and embryo transfer protocols
Treat cysts
Improvements in oocyte quality
Reduce time to service (seasonal herds)
Repeat breeders

26
Q

Describe how to treat endometritis in cattle

A

PGF2a - may need 2 doses
possibly wash out ???- day after PGF2a when cervix opens - variable results
Recheck on next visit

27
Q

Describe how to treat follicular cysts in cows

A

GnRH or progesterone
Can pop them- but this is risky - there are reports of some animals getting life threatening bleeds and formation of scar tissue that can affect ovary function

28
Q

Describe how to tell the difference between follicular and luteal cysts

A

Luteal cysts= the wall of the cyst is 4-5mm thick, made of luteal tissue so same echogenicity as a CL
Follicular cyst= thin wall

29
Q

Describe how to treat multiple small follicles

A

GnRH or progesterone- could be part of a synch protocol

30
Q

what 2 things can multiple small follicles on both ovaries mean

A

the animal ovulated yesterday
OR
is in true anoestrus

31
Q

What is the calculation to work out fertility efficiency

A

submission rate x conception rate

32
Q

List 4 ways to improve oestrus detection in cattle

A

improve staffing
improved environment
oestrus detection aids
synchronisation protocols

33
Q

List some examples of oestrus detection aids

A

cow worn devices
tail chalk - when rubbed off = has been mounted
Heat patch- change to red is mounted for >3s

34
Q

List 3 ways to make a bull infertile

A

vasectomy
epididymectomy
penile alterations- for venereal diseases- mostly done in US

35
Q

What are the effects of leptospira on reproduction

A

poor fertility and early embryonic death –> may be due to endometrial inflammation

36
Q

can sheep become infected with leptospira

A

yes but they rarely show disease- they are usually carriers

37
Q

What are the effects of tritrichomonas on reproduction

A

early embryonic death
pyometra
endometritis

38
Q

Describe how we can tell the difference between metritis and pyometra (endometritis)

A

pyometra will have a CL
metritis occurs shortly after parturition- cow systemically unwell

39
Q

what size are follicular cysts

A

over 25mm

40
Q

what does ineffective oestrus detection lead to

A

a low submission rate and subsequent low fertility efficiency

41
Q

what is the submission rate calculation

A

(number of cows actually bred / number of cows eligible to be bred ) x100

14- FA- Reproduction (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions