Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RAD 415 > endocrine disorders > Flashcards

endocrine disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 hormones secreted by the pituitary glands

A

ADH
oxytocin
prolactin
MSH
FSH/LH
TSH
GH
ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what might happen if ADH is effected

A

polyuria (pee more)
polydipsia (more thirsty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what might happen FSH/LH is effected

A

libido
irregular or absent periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what might happen if TSH is effected

A

fatigue
sensitive to cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what might happen if ACTH is affected

A

postural hypotension
nausea
lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the mass effect

A

effect of a growing mass that results in secondary pathological effects by pushing on or displacing surrounding tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how can you tell if theres a mass effect caused by the hypothalamus

A

as it grows, it pushes against the optic chiasm disrupting vision field
so visual field testing can be done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a functional / non-functional pituitary tumour

A

functional = secretes hormones
non -functional = doesnt secrete hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how are pituitary tumours classified by size

A

less then 10mm = microadenoma
more than 10mm = macroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do the most common functional tumours secrete

A

prolactin or growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the most common route to removing a pituitary tumour

A

transsphenoidal sinus surgery
(endoscope passed through sphenoid sinus into sella turcica)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is craniopharyngioma

A

non-cancerous tumour arising from embryonic cells in pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is pituitary apoplexy

A

haemorrhage or non-haemorrhagic infarction (ischaemic necrosis) of pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is Sheehans syndrome

A

postpartum hypopituitarism (not enough pituitary hormones) caused by necrosis (death of tissue) of the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what 4 things can cause pituitary apoplexy

A

radiation
traumatic brain injury
infection
autoimmunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what 2 things increase growth hormone release

A

slow sleep wave
hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does GHRH and GHIH stand for

A

growth hormone releasing hormone
growth hormone inhibiting hormone

18
Q

what is acromegaly

A

excess of growth hormone leading to
- changing facial features
- increase size in tongue
- increase hand size
- impaired glucose tolerance
- arthritis and muscle pains

19
Q

what is gigantism

A

those with excess growth hormone before puberty

20
Q

what are the 2 ways of diagnosing acromegaly

A
  • biochemical screening via serum IGF-1
  • biochemical diagnosis via oral glucose tolerance test
    imaging MRI is indicated following biochem diagnosis
21
Q

how does biochemical diagnosing via oral glucose tolerance test prove acromegaly

A

failure to suppress IGF-1 production by administration of glucose suggests acromegaly

22
Q

what are 3 treatments used for acromegaly management

A
  • transsphenoidal sinus surgery
    (if surgery fails)
  • dopamine receptor agonist used for mild residual disease
  • somatostatin receptor analogue used for more severe
23
Q

what is prolactinomas

A

a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland causing gland to secrete excess prolactin

24
Q

what are symptoms of prolactinomas in males and females

A

females:
- galactorrhea (milk making without birth)
- olihomenorrhoea ( irregular periods)
- infertility
males:
- low libido (sex drive)
- erectile dysfunction
- reduced hirsutism
- gynaecomastia

25
Q

how can you diagnose prolactinoma

A
  • serum prolactin
  • MRI
  • visual field testing (maybe)
26
Q

treatment of prolactinoma?

A
  • dopamine d2 agonists
  • transspehenoidal sinus surgery reserved fro those whose tumours dont shrink with medical therapy or cant take high dose dopamine agonist
27
Q

why is surgery not preferred for treatment of prolactinoma

A

may not be curative (difficult to remove and recurrence rate isnt insignificant)

28
Q

excess cortisol production can have many sources including pituitary gland but not limited to it

A
29
Q

cortisol production process

A

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates both production and secretion of cortisol.
- CRH is released from the hypothalamus.
- CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH.
- ACTH acts on the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and androgens
- increase in cortisol provides a negative feedback system to decrease the amount of CRH released from the hypothalamus

30
Q

excess cortisol production process

A
  • ACTH secreting tumour (found in lung typically)
  • producing excess cortisol
31
Q

how can excess cortisol affect the body

A

causes cushing syndrome

32
Q

what is cushings syndrome

A

excess glucocorticoids

Cushing syndrome — a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on the skin.

  • acne
  • weight gain etc
33
Q

what is inferior petrosal sinus sampling

A

inferior petrosal sinus drains the pituitary gland

34
Q

if the concentration of ACTH is much higher than the general circulation, it suggests theres an ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma (benign tumour)

A
35
Q

what is an adrenal mass

A

a benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) growth that develops on an adrenal gland

36
Q

adrenal masses are common incidental findings
- roughly 3% of all routine abdominal CT scans will show adrenal incidentaloma
- 10% in eldery

A
37
Q

what is adrenal incidentaloma

A

an adrenal tumor that is discovered on an imaging test that is being done for a problem unrelated to adrenal disease

38
Q

what is a benign lesion

A

also known as adenomas
- lipid rich
- dont enhance well (with contrast)
- typically small

39
Q

what do you call malignant tumours of glandular tissue

A

adenocarcinoma

40
Q

what are features of malignant tumour

A
  • lipid poor
  • enhance better (with contrast and retain it)
  • larger
41
Q

what is conn syndrome

A

aldosterone secreting tumour
- typical in hypertension of young

42
Q

what is phaechromocytoma

A

adrenaline secreting tumour of adrenal glad
- associated with hypertension, sweating, headaches

RAD 415 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions