Week 2: GI Tract - Antiemetics Flashcards
What are the 5 classes of antiemetics?
- Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
- Glucocorticoids
- Dopamine Antagonists
- Cannabinoids
- Antihistamines/anticholinergics
What is an example of a serotonin receptor antagonist? (2)
- Ondansetron
- Trade name is Zofran
What is the MOA of Ondansetron?
- Acts on serotonin blocking receptors, making them less available to serotonin
What are the indications of ondansetron? (5)
Nausea associated with;
- chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Anesthesia
- Viral gastritis
- Pregnancy
How is ondansetron administered? (2)
- Often used with dexamethasone to increase its effectiveness
- PO/IV?IM administration
Serotonin receptor antagonists diagram
What are the adverse effects of ondansetron? (7)
- HA
- constipation
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- urinary retention
- Muscle pain
- QT PROLONGATION
What are nursing considerations for ondansetron? (2)
- Monitor EKG in patients at risk
- Monitor for effectiveness
Which antiemetic is a glucocorticoid?
dexamethasone
- mechanism unknown
How is dexamethasone administered? (3)
- Can be used alone or combined with other antiemetics (ondansetron)
- PO/IV
- When used briefly for symptom management of nausea, there are no negative effects
Good for fast relief but not long term
What are the indications of dexamethasone?
- Nausea associated with chemotherapy
Which antiemetic is an example of a dopamine antagonist? (2)
- Metoclopramide
- Trade name is Maxeran
Metoclopramide is a _____ drug
prokinetic
What is the MOA of metoclopramide? (2)
- Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors in the CTZ
- Enhances upper GI tract response to Acth (increases peristalsis)
What are the indications of metoclopramide? (5)
Nausea caused by:
- post operation
- Cancer medications
- Opioids
- Toxins
- Radiation