Week 3 Pre-Learning: Gallbladder + Pancreas

Question 1

What is the role of the gallbladder? (2)

Answer 1

• stores and concentrates bile
• When fat is detected in the duodenum. the gallbladder secretes cholecystokinin

Question 2

In simple terms, what is cholelithiasis (calculi)?

Answer 2

• gallstones

too much cholesterol or bilirubin in the bile, or any changes on how we metabolize cholesterol causes this

Question 3

What are the risk factors for cholelithiasis? Hint: 4Fs

Answer 3

1. Female
2. Fertile (multiparous, esatrogen)
3. Forty
4. Fat (fabulous) (increased BMI)

Question 4

Why do gallstones cause pain?

Answer 4

• can travel through the cystic bile duct

Question 5

What is cholecystitis?

Answer 5

• Inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 6

What is calculus cholecystitis?

Answer 6

• gallstone is lodged in the cystic duct

Question 7

What is acalculus cholecystitis? (4)

Answer 7

No gallstone present
- gallbladder is not properly filling and emptying, causing biliary stasis (sitting still)
- reflux of pancreatic enzymes
- When obstruction occurs, gallbladder becomes distended and inflamed because bile cannot drain out of the gallbladder. increasing the pressure and possibly perforating

Question 8

What are the clinical manifestations of cholecystitis?

Answer 8

1. Pain
   - triggered by high fat meals
   - upper quadrant radiating to right shoulder
   - constant and persistent, or generalized
   - rebound tenderness, abd. guarding
2. Indigestion
3. N + V
4. fever
5. jaundice (dark urine, fatty stools)

Question 9

Where is the pancreas in the body?

Answer 9

behind the stomach
- exocrine function

Question 10

What are the 4 pancreatic enzymes and their functions?

Answer 10

1. Trypsin - Digestion of proteins
2. Chymotrypsin - proteins
3. Amylase - Carbohydrates
4. Lipase - fats

enzymes + bile help with digestion