Week 14 Flashcards
Authoritative parenting style
A parenting style characterized by high (but reasonable) expectations for children’s behavior, good communication, warmth and nurturance, and the use of reasoning (rather than coercion) as preferred responses to children’s misbehavior.
Conscience
The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause young children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct
Effortful control
A temperament quality that enables children to be more successful in motivated self-regulation
Family Stress Model
A description of the negative effects of family financial difficulty on child adjustment through the effects of economic stress on parents’ depressed mood, increased marital problems, and poor parenting
Gender schemas
Organized beliefs and expectations about maleness and femaleness that guide children’s thinking about gender
Goodness of fit
- The match or synchrony between a child’s temperament and characteristics of parental care that contributes to positive or negative personality development.
- A good “fit” means that parents have accommodated to the child’s temperamental attributes, and this contributes to positive personality growth and better adjustment.
Security of attachment
An infant’s confidence in the sensitivity and responsiveness of a caregiver, especially when he or she is needed. Infants can be securely attached or insecurely attached
Social referencing
when one individual consults another’s emotional expressions to determine how to evaluate and respond to circumstances that are ambiguous or uncertain
Temperament
Early emerging differences in reactivity and self-regulation, which constitutes a foundation for personality development.
Theory of mind
Children’s growing understanding of the mental states that affect people’s behavior
Cultural display rules
rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expressions according to social circumstances
Interpersonal
- the relationship or interaction between two or more individuals in a group
- refers to the effects of one’s emotions on others, or to the relationship between oneself and others
Intrapersonal
- refers to what occurs within oneself
- the effects of emotion to individuals that occur physically inside their bodies and psychologically inside their minds
Social and cultural
- the effects that emotions have on the functioning and maintenance of societies and cultures
Attachment behavioral system
A motivational system selected over the course of evolution to maintain proximity between a young child and his or her primary attachment figure.