Week 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Authoritative parenting style

A

A parenting style characterized by high (but reasonable) expectations for children’s behavior, good communication, warmth and nurturance, and the use of reasoning (rather than coercion) as preferred responses to children’s misbehavior.

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2
Q

Conscience

A

The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause young children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct

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3
Q

Effortful control

A

A temperament quality that enables children to be more successful in motivated self-regulation

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4
Q

Family Stress Model

A

A description of the negative effects of family financial difficulty on child adjustment through the effects of economic stress on parents’ depressed mood, increased marital problems, and poor parenting

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5
Q

Gender schemas

A

Organized beliefs and expectations about maleness and femaleness that guide children’s thinking about gender

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6
Q

Goodness of fit

A
  • The match or synchrony between a child’s temperament and characteristics of parental care that contributes to positive or negative personality development.
  • A good “fit” means that parents have accommodated to the child’s temperamental attributes, and this contributes to positive personality growth and better adjustment.
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7
Q

Security of attachment

A

An infant’s confidence in the sensitivity and responsiveness of a caregiver, especially when he or she is needed. Infants can be securely attached or insecurely attached

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8
Q

Social referencing

A

when one individual consults another’s emotional expressions to determine how to evaluate and respond to circumstances that are ambiguous or uncertain

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9
Q

Temperament

A

Early emerging differences in reactivity and self-regulation, which constitutes a foundation for personality development.

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10
Q

Theory of mind

A

Children’s growing understanding of the mental states that affect people’s behavior

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11
Q

Cultural display rules

A

rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expressions according to social circumstances

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12
Q

Interpersonal

A
  • the relationship or interaction between two or more individuals in a group
  • refers to the effects of one’s emotions on others, or to the relationship between oneself and others
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13
Q

Intrapersonal

A
  • refers to what occurs within oneself
  • the effects of emotion to individuals that occur physically inside their bodies and psychologically inside their minds
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14
Q

Social and cultural

A
  • the effects that emotions have on the functioning and maintenance of societies and cultures
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15
Q

Attachment behavioral system

A

A motivational system selected over the course of evolution to maintain proximity between a young child and his or her primary attachment figure.

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16
Q

Attachment behaviors

A

Behaviours and signals that attract the attention of a primary attachment figure and function to prevent separation from that individual or to reestablish proximity to that individual (e.g., crying, clinging).

17
Q

Attachment figure

A
  • Someone who functions as the primary safe haven and secure base for an individual
  • In childhood, an individual’s attachment figure is often a parent
  • In adulthood, an individual’s attachment figure is often a romantic partner.
18
Q

Attachment patterns

A

(also called “attachment styles” or “attachment orientations”)
- Individual differences in how securely (vs. insecurely) people think, feel, and behave in attachment relationships.

19
Q

Strange situation

A

A laboratory task that involves briefly separating and reuniting infants and their primary caregivers as a way of studying individual differences in attachment behavior.

20
Q

secure adult attachment

A
  • comfortable with intimacy and interdependence
  • optimistic and sociable
21
Q

preoccupied adult attachment

A
  • uneasy and vigilant towards any threat to the relationship
  • needy and jealous
22
Q

dismissing adult attachment

A
  • self-reliant and uninterested in intimacy
  • indifferent and independent
23
Q

fearful adult attachment

A
  • fearful of rejection and mistrustful of others
  • suspicious and shy
24
Q

secure child attachment

A
  • child seeks parent as a safe base
  • parents are there when needed
25
Q

anxious child attachment

A

-Inconsistent/unpredictable caregiver
- Sometimes the parents are there, sometimes they are not

26
Q

avoidant child attachment

A
  • Avoids caregiver when distressed, hides negative effects
  • Parents ignore the child and are not responsive