Week 24 #2 Flashcards
Collectivism
Belief system that emphasizes the duties and obligations that each person has toward others
Cross-cultural psychology (or cross-cultural studies)
looks at how cultural factors influence human behaviour
Cultural intelligence
The ability and willingness to apply cultural awareness to practical uses
Agender
An individual who may have no gender or may describe themselves as having a neutral gender
Ambivalent sexism
A concept of gender attitudes that encompasses both positive and negative qualities
Benevolent sexism
The “positive” element of ambivalent sexism, which recognizes that women are perceived as needing to be protected, supported, and adored by men
Bigender
An individual who identifies as two genders
Cultural psychology
An approach to researching culture that emphasizes the use of interviews and observation as a means of understanding culture from its own point of view
Cultural relativism
The idea that cultural norms and values of a society can only be understood on their own terms or in their own context
Developmental intergroup theory
adults’ focus on gender leads children to pay attention to gender as a key source of information about themselves and others, to seek out possible gender differences, and to form rigid stereotypes based on gender.
Gender constancy
The awareness that gender is constant and does not change simply by changing external attributes; develops between 3 and 6 years of age
Cultural script
Learned guides for how to behave appropriately in a given social situation
Culture
A pattern of shared meaning and behavior among a group of people that is passed from one generation to the next
Enculturation
The uniquely human form of learning that is taught by one generation to another
Gender schema theory
argues that children actively organize others’ behavior, activities, and attributes into gender categories or schemas
Genderfluid
An individual who may identify as male, female, both, or neither at different times and in different circumstances
Genderqueer or gender nonbinary
An umbrella term used to describe a wide range of individuals who do not identify with and/or conform to the gender binary
Ethnocentric bias (or ethnocentrism)
evaluating other cultures by the standards of one’s own culture which results in misunderstanding other cultures
Individualism
The cultural trend in which the primary unit of measurement is the individual.
Ethnographic studies
Research that emphasizes field data collection and that examines questions that attempt to understand culture from it’s own context and point of view
Hostile sexism
attitudes that women are inferior and incompetent relative to men
Social learning theory
argues that gender roles are learned through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling
Ritual
- Rites or actions performed in a systematic or prescribed way often for an intended purpose
- Example: The exchange of wedding rings during a marriage ceremony in many cultures
Self-construal
The extent to which the self is defined as independent or as relating to others
