Week 19 Flashcards
Animism
- The belief that everyone and everything had a “soul” and that mental illness was due to animistic causes,
- ex) evil spirits controlling an individual and their behaviour.
Asylum
A place of refuge or safety established to confine and care for the mentally ill; forerunners of the mental hospital or psychiatric facility
Cathartic method
A therapeutic procedure introduced by Breuer and developed further by Freud in the late 19th century whereby a patient gains insight and emotional relief from recalling and reliving traumatic events
Cultural relativism
The idea that cultural norms and values of a society can only be understood on their own terms or in their own context
Etiology
The causal description of all of the factors that contribute to the development of a disorder or illness
Humorism (or humoralism)
A belief held by ancient Greek and Roman physicians that an excess or deficiency in any of the four bodily fluids, or humors—blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm—directly affected their health and temperament.
Hysteria
- A term used by the ancient Greeks and Egyptians to describe a disorder believed to be caused by a woman’s uterus wandering throughout the body and interfering with other organs
- today referred to as conversion disorder
Maladaptive
A term referring to behaviours that cause people physical or emotional harm, prevent them from functioning in daily life, and/or indicate that they have lost touch with reality and/or cannot control their thoughts and behavior (also called dysfunctional).
Mesmerism
an early version of hypnotism in which Mesmer claimed that hysterical symptoms could be treated through animal magnetism emanating from Mesmer’s body and permeating the universe (and later through magnets)
Psychogenesis
Developing from psychological origins.
Somatogenesis
Developing from physical/bodily origins
Supernatural
Developing from origins beyond the visible observable universe
Syndrome
Involving a particular group of signs and symptoms
“Traitement moral” (moral treatment)
- A therapeutic regimen of improved nutrition, living conditions, and rewards for productive behaviour
- attributed to Philippe Pinel during the French Revolution, when he released mentally ill patients from their restraints and treated them with compassion and dignity rather than with contempt and denigration.
Trephination
- The drilling of a hole in the skull, presumably as a way of treating psychological disorders
Anxiety
A mood state characterized by negative affect, muscle tension, and physical arousal in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune
Agoraphobia
A sort of anxiety disorder distinguished by feelings that a place is uncomfortable or may be unsafe because it is significantly open or crowded
Biological vulnerability
A specific genetic and neurobiological factor that might predispose someone to develop anxiety disorders
Conditioned response
A learned reaction following classical conditioning, or the process by which an event that automatically elicits a response is repeatedly paired with another neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
External cues
Stimuli in the outside world that serve as triggers for anxiety or as reminders of past traumatic events
Fight or flight response
A biological reaction to alarming stressors that prepares the body to resist or escape a threat
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Excessive worry about everyday things that is at a level that is out of proportion to the specific causes of worry
Internal bodily or somatic cues
Physical sensations that serve as triggers for anxiety or as reminders of past traumatic events
Interoceptive avoidance
Avoidance of situations or activities that produce sensations of physical arousal similar to those occurring during a panic attack or intense fear response
