Week 24 #1

Question 1

Autobiographical reasoning

Answer 1

The ability, typically developed in adolescence, to derive substantive conclusions about the self from analyzing one’s own personal experiences

Question 2

Ego

Answer 2

observing outside reality, engaging in rational thought, and coping with the competing demands of inner desires and moral standards

Question 3

Identity

Answer 3

• a developmental task for late adolescence and young adulthood
• exploring alternative roles, values, goals, and relationships

Question 4

Narrative identity

Answer 4

when people craft self-defining stories that reconstruct the past and imagine the future to explain how the person came to be the person that he or she is becoming

Question 5

Reflexivity

Answer 5

The idea that the self reflects back upon itself; that the I (the knower, the subject) encounters the Me (the known, the object)

Question 6

Redemptive narratives

Answer 6

Life stories that affirm the transformation from suffering to an enhanced status or state

Question 7

Self as autobiographical author

Answer 7

The sense of the self as a storyteller who reconstructs the past and imagines the future to articulate an integrative narrative that provides life with some measure of temporal continuity and purpose

Question 8

self-esteem

Answer 8

• The extent to which a person feels that he or she is worthy and good.
• determined by the success or failure that the motivated agent experiences in pursuit of valued goals

Question 9

Self as motivated agent

Answer 9

the sense of the self as an intentional force that strives to achieve goals, plans, values and projects

Question 10

Self as social actor

Answer 10

The sense of the self as an embodied actor whose social performances may be construed in terms of more or less consistent self-ascribed traits and social roles

Question 11

The Age 5-to-7 Shift

Answer 11

Cognitive and social changes that occur in the early elementary school years that result in the child’s developing a more purposeful, planful, and goal-directed approach to life, setting the stage for the emergence of the self as a motivated agent.

Question 12

The “I”

Answer 12

The self as knower, the sense of the self as a subject who encounters itself (the me)

Question 13

The “Me”

Answer 13

The self as known, the sense of the self as the object or target of the I’s knowledge and work

Question 14

Theory of mind

Answer 14

• Emerging around the age of 4
• The human capacity to understand minds, a capacity that is made up of a collection of concepts and processes

Question 15

Confidante

Answer 15

A trusted person with whom secrets and vulnerabilities can be shared

Question 16

Correlation

Answer 16

A measure of the association between two variables, or how they go together

Question 17

Health

Answer 17

The complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being—not just the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 18

Health behaviours

Answer 18

• Behaviors that are associated with better health
• exercising, not smoking, and wearing a seat belt while in a vehicle

Question 19

Machiavellianism

Answer 19

Being cunning, strategic, or exploitative in one’s relationships.

Question 20

Narcissism

Answer 20

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Question 21

Objective social variables

Answer 21

Targets of research interest that are factual and not subject to personal opinions or feelings

Question 22

Ostracism

Answer 22

Being excluded or ignored by others

Question 23

Operationalization

Answer 23

The process of defining a concept so that it can be measured

Question 24

Psychopathy

Answer 24

• Synonymous with psychopathic personality
• designates mental disorders presumed to be heritable

Question 25

Shunning

Answer 25

The act of avoiding or ignoring a person, and withholding all social interaction for a period of time.