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HOS Unit 2 > 15 Circulatory System Histology > Flashcards

15 Circulatory System Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 systems constitute the circulatory system?

A

cardiovascular and lymphatic

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2
Q

What is the innermost aspect of the heart wall?

A

Endocardium

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3
Q

What portion/layer of the endocardium is made of simple squamous epithelial cells?

A

endothelium

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4
Q

What types of cells make up the sub endothelium?

A

Loose Irregular CT, elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells

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5
Q

What layer of endocardium contains veins, arteries, and purkinje cells?

A

subendocardium— loose irregular CT connecting endocardium to myocardium

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6
Q

What is the thickest region of the heart wall?

A

myocardium

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7
Q

Where is the cardiac muscle the thickest?

A

left ventricle

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8
Q

Outer layer of the heart wall after opening pericardial sac?

A

epicardium

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9
Q

What type of tissue makes up the epicardium?

A

Adipose and loose irregular CT

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10
Q

Purpose of epicardium?

A
  • support/cushion to heart as it beats in pericardial sac

- contains coronary vessels

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11
Q

What is the purpose of pericardial cavity?

A

contains lubricating fluid and reduces friction/heat

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12
Q

What layer of the heart secretes pericardial fluid into cavity?

A

parietal layer and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

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13
Q

what tissue type makes up the fibrous pericardium?

A

thick layer of dense irregular CT

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14
Q

What layer of the great vessels is the fibrous pericardium continuous with superiorly?

A

tunica adventitia

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15
Q

What layer of pericardium serves as an anchor to the diaphragm and the sternum?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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16
Q

What tissue type makes up the four fibrous rings surrounding the the heart valves?

A

Dense irregular CT– attachment for valve leaflets

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17
Q

What connects and holds together the 4 fibrous rings of the heart valves?

A

2 Fibrous trigones

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18
Q

What portion of the heart is made of dense irregular CT, is devoid of cardiac muscle, and contains branches of the conducting system?

A

membranous septa

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19
Q

What are the three main functions of the heart’s fibrous skeleton?

A

support, attachment, insulator (preventing free electrical impulses)

20
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart valve?

A

spongiosa (atrial side), fibrosa (center), ventricularis (ventricle side)

21
Q

What layer makes the core of the valve leaflet

A

Fibrosa

22
Q

What layer of the valve leaflets forms the chord tendinae?

A

ventricularis

23
Q

Which layer of the valve leaflets is the shock absorber with numerous elastics?

A

spongiosa

24
Q

What causes inflammation of the heart valves that leads to angiogenesis and vascularization of the valves, thickening, and makes the valves inflexible?

A

Rheumatic Fever

25
Q

What initiates impulse that spreads along atrial cardiac muscle fibers and internal tracts of modified cardiac muscle fibers?

A

sino-atrial node– the pacemaker

26
Q

What function does the AV node perform?

A

picks up impulse, and delays in order to allow atrial emptying.

27
Q

What are larger than normal cardiac muscle cells and cause ventricles to contract at paced intervals?

A

Pukinje Fibers (subendocardium, stain lighter,lack the bulk of striated fibers)

28
Q

What parasympathetic nerve stimulates the heart and what does it cause it to do?

A

CNX (Vagus), Decreases heart rate

29
Q

What sympathetic spinal levels innervate the heart

A

T1-T6

30
Q

What are the 3 layers of the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium, sub endothelium, and internal elastic lamina

31
Q

What are the two main components of tunica media?

A

smooth muscle, external elastic lamina (between media and adventitia)

32
Q

What does the tunica adventitia contain?

A

vaso vasorum and nervi vascularis (vessels and nerves of the vessel)

33
Q

What is the main characteristic of the tunica media in large elastic arteries?

A

sheets of elastin separated my smooth muscle cells (layers on layers)

34
Q

Besides a much thicker tunica adventitia, what is very prominent in muscular (distributing) arteries?

A

prominent internal elastic lamina and prominent external elastic lamina (most often)

35
Q

Do arterioles contain an external elastic lamina?

A

No–but they have an internal elastic lamina that diminishes as arteriole size gets smaller.

36
Q

Number of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of arterioles ?

A

1-4 cells thick

37
Q

what type of endothelial capillary junctions are found in muscles, lungs, and CNS?

A

occluding junctions—tight junctions with complete basal lamina

38
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

glomerulus of the kidney

39
Q

Where are discontinuous capillaries found?

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow (Gaps between cells and incomplete basal lamina)

40
Q

What type of cell is contractile and dispersed along capillaries, and proliferate during angiogenesis.

A

Pericytes

41
Q

What disease is the unregulated division of pericytes?

A

hemangiopericytoma

42
Q

What regulates blood flow through capillary beds, by contraction of extra smooth muscle so blood follows met arteriole through thoroughfare?

A

pre-capillary sphincters

43
Q

What type of vessel is characterized by large lumen in comparison to wall size, no internal elastic lamina, no external elastic lamina, 1-2 layers smooth muscle and a distinct layer of CT in the adventitia?

A

venule

44
Q

What vessels has thin internal elastic lamina, valves, and a very thick tunica adventitia CT.\?

A

medium vein

45
Q

What vessel has thin tunica intima, thin tunica media, and a Tunica adventitia with a thick layer of CT with longitudinally arranged smooth muscle?

A

Large Vein (vena cava)

46
Q

Where do atherosclerosis legions most frequently develop?

A

tunica intima of large arteries following endothelial cell injury

47
Q

What type of cholesterol is a large problem in atherosclerosis?

A

LDL

HOS Unit 2 (21 decks)

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