35 Physiological adjustments to exercise (2nd Packet)

Question 1

CO has what approx. values when resting and exercising?

Answer 1

5 and 25

Question 2

Any increase in CO due to training is a result of what?

Answer 2

Stroke volume increase

-Similarly, note that increases in VO2max are due to stroke vol. increases and a-VO2 dif. increases in young

Question 3

T/F an athlete has higher CO during normal exercise?

Answer 3

False. Only at very high intensities.

Question 4

T/F Stroke volume has a linear relationship w/ VO2?

Answer 4

False. Increases quickly then levels off quickly.

Question 5

What causes a decrease in resting heart rate for athletes?

Answer 5

• Up centrogenic vagal cholinergic drive

- Reduced sympathetic activity

Question 6

Max HR is same in untrained and trained people? T/F

Answer 6

True (basically)

Question 7

What is cardiovascular drift?

Answer 7

-Over long exercise, lose fluids. Down preload. Up skin blood flow. Thus HR up, stroke volume down. CO stays same.

Question 8

How would you calculate VO2?

Answer 8

CO x (a-v O2 difference)

Question 9

T/F a-v O2 difference changes is different in trained and untrained people?

Answer 9

-False. Only dif at high intensity. (increased # capillaries)

Question 10

What effects does aerobic training have on the heart?

Answer 10

Increases:

• Left ventricular wall thickness (though not as much as strength training)
• Internal diameter (compliance)
• Mass

Question 11

What effects does strength training have on the heart?

Answer 11

Increases:

• Left ventricular wall thickness
• Mass

Question 12

As intensity of exercise increases, name all the cardiovascular changes that will occur in the body? (Big flashcard but helpful for integrative view)

Answer 12

• Distribution of blood keeps changing, including 1)Up sympathetic tone to kidney, splanchnic, inactive muscle. 2) Cutaneous blood flow decreases then increases (to vent temperature) 3)Exercising muscle vasculature keeps dilating (vasodilator metabolites)
• VO2 increases linearly then levels off (trained follows same line but levels off at higher pt.)
• CO increases linearly rapidly then slope lessens (trained follows same line but levels off at higher pt.)
• a-VO2 difference increases linearly (trained follows same line at first then splits to have a lower a-VO2 difference at higher VO2 levels)
• SV increases only initially then quickly levels off at same VO2 point for trained/untrained. (higher line for trained)
• HR linearly increases then levels off at max HR (lower and further right line for trained)
• Blood pressure Systolic goes up, Mean goes up slowly, Diastolic goes slightly down
• TPVR drops

Question 13

How much blood and oxygen do the splanchnic/renal beds get at rest?

Answer 13

25% of CO

15% of O2

Question 14

What happens to cutaneous blood flow during heat exposure?

Answer 14

• Increases

- Note that this does impact venous return and central blood volume (the amt. blood in lungs/heart)

Question 15

What happens to cerebral blood flow during exercise?

Answer 15

Nothing

Question 16

Can trained people attain higher levels of blood flow to a muscle?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

MAP= ?

Answer 17

MAP=CO x TPVR (similar to V=IR)
MAP=1/3 sys + 2/3 dia
MAP=dia + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 18

Why does MAP rise only slowly/slightly during exercise?

Answer 18

• CO up

- TPVR down (compensate each other)

Question 19

What is the difference in BP change between dynamic and isometric exercise?

Answer 19

• Dynamic: the more muscle activated, the more dilation and the more TPVR falls
• Isometric: the more muscle & %MVC (Maximal Voluntary Contraction) the higher BP goes

Question 20

T/F trained individuals have a different BP response to exercise?

Answer 20

False (though resting B.P. sys and dia is lower for trained)

Question 21

T/F endurance training increases blood volume?

Answer 21

True (due to up antidiuretic hormone and up albumin)

Question 22

VE (minute ventilation)=?

Answer 22

VT (tidal volume) X fb (breaths/min)

Question 23

As intensity of exercise increases, what are all the changes the occur in the pulmonary system?

Answer 23

*Minute ventilation increases linearly increase then even faster (see next 2 in list) due to 1)Tidal vol. increases linearly then goes flat. 2) Breaths/min increases linearly then even faster.
*

Question 24

T/F exercising minute ventilation is lower in trained subjects? Max minute ventilation is increased in trained subjects?

Answer 24

• True. (less TOTAL liters/min enter their lungs. interesting.)
• True.

Question 25

T/F Trained people in moderate exercise tend to increase breath frequency more than they increase tidal volume?

Answer 25

False. (opposite is true)

Question 26

T/F An untrained person will not be as able to meet their body’s oxygen need due to pulmonary ventilation restraints?

Answer 26

False. Ventilation never limits exercise in medically healthy people.

Question 27

What happens to the following things once anaerobic threshold is reached?

• VCO2
• PaCO2
• PaO2
• Ventilation

Answer 27

• Up rapidly
• Down rapidly
• Up rapidly (interesting!)
• Up rapidly