1.5 genetic engineering

Question 1

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 1

Genetic engineering is the transfer of genetic information (DNA) from one cell to another cell

Question 2

Identify the stages of genetic engineering that require the use of enzymes

Answer 2

One enzyme is used in both stage 2 to extract the required gene from the source chromosome and between stages 3 and 4 to cut open the bacterial plasmid
Another enzyme is then used in stage 4 to insert and seal the required gene into the bacterial plasmid

Question 3

Explain the use of enzymes during genetic engineering

Answer 3

Two types of enzymes are used in the process of genetic engineering
- Degradation enzymes are used for the extraction of a gene and the cleavage (cutting open) of a plasmid
- Synthesis enzymes are used to reseal the extracted gene into a plasmid

Question 4

Define the phrase genetically modified organism

Answer 4

A genetically modified organism is one that has had its DNA altered by the addition of genetic material from another organism

Question 5

Give examples of Genetically Modified organisms

Answer 5

• Bacteria producing human insulin
• Bacteria producing human growth hormones
• Golden rice
• Tomatoes with an increased shelf life
• Rape seed oil with reduced toxicity