Transport systems- animals Flashcards
(23 cards)
Identify the three main parts of blood
Plasma- liquid part of blood
Red blood cells- involved in transport of oxygen
White blood cells- part of the immune system
Identify the main substances transported in the blood
Blood is involved in the transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients such as glucose and amino acids around the body in the circulation system
Identify the two main parts of the blood that are involved in transport of substances
Transport of substances by blood happens in the plasma and in the red blood cells
State three specialised features of red blood cells
Red blood cells are designed to transport oxygen within the blood. They have specialised features to allow them to carry out this function such as
- Biconcave disc shape
- No nucleus
- Haemoglobin
Explain how the specialised features of red blood cells relate to their function in transporting oxygen
Biconcave disc shape- This specific shape creates the maximum surface area for transport of oxygen
No nucleus- Lack of a nucleus increases the space available inside the red blood cell for transport of oxygen
Haemoglobin- This is a protein that binds specifically to oxygen molecules
Describe the role of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen
Haemoglobin binds to oxygen entering the blood stream to form a chemical called oxyhaemoglobin. This happens in the capillaries inside the lungs. The oxyhaemoglobin then transports its oxygen to respiring body cells and returning to the form of haemoglobin
What is the word equation for haemoglobin
Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin
When turning into oxyhaemoglobin it happens in the lung tissue
When returning back into haemoglobin it happens in the body tissues
Define the term pathogen
A pathogen is a disease causing organism e.g. bacteria and viruses
Name the body system that white blood cells are part of and state its function
White blood cells are part of the immune system. White blood cells are involved in the destruction of pathogens that invade the body
Name two types of white blood cell and state their functions
Phagocytes- Carry out phagocytosis to engulf and digest the pathogens
Lymphocytes- Some produce antibodies (specific proteins) that bind to pathogens
Describe the process of phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is the process where a phagocyte wraps itself around the invading pathogen trapping the pathogen inside a membrane package. This is called engulfing. The phagocyte then releases digestive enzymes into the membrane package to destroy the pathogen. This is called digestion
Identify the type of chemical that antibodies are made of
Antibodies are made of protein. They have specific shapes complementary to the shape of their specific pathogen target
Identify the four chambers of the heart
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Identify the right-hand and left-hand sides of the heart on a diagram
The left-hand side of the heart is always thicker. The hear is represented as if you were looking at the heart inside a person, so the left hand side of the page shoes the right-hand side of the heart and vice versa
Explain the difference in the thickness of the walls of the ventricles in the heart
The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right ventricle wall because blood is pumped further by the left hand side . The left hand side pushes the blood to the whole of the rest of the body whereas the right hand side only has to push the blood to the lungs
State the location and function of valves in the heart
There are four heart valves, these are located between the
- Right atrium and right ventricle
- Left atrium and left ventricle
- Right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
- Left ventricle and the aorta
What do valves do?
The function of the valves is that they prevent the backflow of blood during and between heartbeats
Identify the four main blood vessels entering and leaving the heart chambers
Blood enters the left atrium via the pulmonary vein from the lungs
Blood leaves the left ventricle via the aorta to travel to the body
Blood enters the right atrium via the vena cava coming back from the body
Blood leaves the right ventricle via the pulmonary artery to travel to the lungs
Identify the blood vessels responsible for delivering blood to the heart muscle
supplied with blood by the coronary arteries- these branch off the aorta. They carrying oxygenated blood to the supply the cells of the heart muscle with oxygen and glucose for respiration
Describe the pathway taken by oxygenated and deoxygenated blood as it flows through the heart, lungs, body and associated blood vessels
Blood is oxygenated as it travels through the lungs. When oxygenated blood leaves the lungs, it travels in the pulmonary vein and is carried into the left atrium of the heart. Blood then flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle and is pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta which supplies the oxygenated blood to the body tissues. The body tissues carry out respiration, using up the oxygen and producing carbon dioxide. The blood is now deoxygenated, and it is returned from the body tissues to the heart in the vena cava. The vena cava delivers the blood into the right atrium. Blood then flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle before being pumped out of the heart into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood up to the lungs where the blood will become oxygenated again
Identify the three main types of blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
State the function of the three main types of blood vessels
Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
Veins- Carry blood back to the heart
Capillaries- Allow exchange of materials
Describe and compare the features of the three main types of blood vessels
Artery- Thickest, muscular walls, narrow central channel, carry blood under highest pressure
Vein- Thinner walls than arteries and wider central channel, carry blood under lowest pressure. Have valves to prevent backflow of blood
Capillary- Thinest walls (one cell thick) and narrowest channel
