2.3 reproduction

Question 1

Identify the gametes in an animal

Answer 1

The gametes in an animal are sperm (male) and egg (female)

Question 2

How does the structure of a sperm cell relate to its function

Answer 2

A sperm cell looks like a tadpole and has a long tail to make it easier to swim towards the egg cell. Its tail is packed with mitochondria to provide energy via aerobic respiration

Question 3

How does the structure of an egg cell relate to its function

Answer 3

Eggs are larger than sperms (500x) and contain a food store within the cytoplasm to provide energy for the process of mitosis if fertilisation occurs

Question 4

What is reproduction

Answer 4

Reproduction is the process used by organisms to create new members of there species and to pass their genes. A failure to reproduce may result in species becoming extinct

Question 5

What are the two types of reproduction?

Answer 5

Sexual and Asexual

Question 6

What is asexual reproduction

Answer 6

-1 parent
-No gametes required
- Offspring are genetically identical to parents

Question 7

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 7

• 2 parents
• each contributes a gamete
• Genetically varied offspring

Question 8

whats the difference between egg and sperm cells

Answer 8

• Egg cells are larger
• One egg cell is produced per month and millions of sperm are produced per ejaclation
• Egg cells cannot move whereas sperm cells can
• Both gametes have 1 haploid set of chromosomes (23)

Question 9

Identify the sites of gamete production in animals

Answer 9

sperm=Testes
Egg= Ovaries

Question 10

What is fertalisation

Answer 10

Fertalisation is the fusion of the male gamete/ sperm nucleus with the female gamete/ egg nucleus to form a fertilised egg/zygote

Question 11

What is a scrotum

Answer 11

A scrotum is a sack of skin that holds the testes away from the body and keeps them at the ideal temperature for sperm production

Question 12

What is foreskin

Answer 12

Foreskin is a layer of skin that covers the sensitive head of the penis when it is not errect

Question 13

What do the glands do in a penis

Answer 13

They add fluid to the sperm to make semen

Question 14

What is a ureathra

Answer 14

The tube that runs down the centre of the penis to carry either sperm or urine

Question 15

What is a penis

Answer 15

Organ that fills with blood to beocome erect and is used to place sperm into the body of a female during intercorse

Question 16

What are testes

Answer 16

They produce the male gametes (sperm)

Question 17

What is a sperm tube

Answer 17

A sperm tube carries sperm from the testes to the penis

Question 18

What is a uterus

Answer 18

A uterus is where a fertalised egg implants in the blood rich lining and develops into a baby

Question 19

What are the ovaries

Answer 19

The ovaries are where eggs are produces and released approx once a month from puberty to menapause

Question 20

What is the oviduct

Answer 20

The oviduct is a tube that carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus. This is where fertaliastion happens

Question 21

What is a vagina

Answer 21

A vagina is where sperm is released into during sex

Question 22

What is a vulva

Answer 22

A vulva is protective folds of skin that cover the outside of the female reproductive system

Question 23

What is a cervix

Answer 23

A cervix is a rung of muscle at the top of the vagina that forms the entrance to the uterus

Question 24

What is a clitoris

Answer 24

A clitoris is a fleshy bump full of sensitive nerve endings

Question 25

What are haploids

Answer 25

Haploid means a cell containing a single set of chromosomes. This term is used to describe gametes and is often expressed as n=23

Question 26

What are diploids

Answer 26

A diploid is a cell containing a double set of chromosomes. This term is used to decrive a zygote from which all normal body cels will be created by the process of mitosis. This is often expressed as 2n-46

Question 27

What happens to a zygote after fertalisation?

Answer 27

After fertalisation a zygote will undergo repeated cell divisions/ mitosis to form a cluster of cells which becomes and embryo and implants into the uterus wall to develop further

Question 28

State the term used to describe whet the zygote divides to form

Answer 28

A zygote divides to form a cluster of cells called an embryo

Question 29

Identify the gametes in plants

Answer 29

The gametes in a plant are pollen (male gamete) and ovules (female gametes)

Question 30

Where are the male gametes produced in plants

Answer 30

The male gametes are produced in the anthers of the stamens

Question 31

Where are the female gametes produced in plants

Answer 31

The female gametes are produced in the ovary

Question 32

What is pollination?

Answer 32

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the sticky stigma. This occurs before fertalisation.

Question 33

What is the process of fertalisation (pollination) in plants

Answer 33

-A pollen tube grows through the tissues of the flower until it reaches an ovule inside the overy. - The nucleus of the pollen grain (male gametes) the passes along the pollen tube and fuses with the nucleus of the ovule (female gamete)

Question 34

What happens post fertallisation (plants)

Answer 34

Seed and fruit formation - After fertalisation the female pars of the flower develops into a fruit - Fertalised ovules become seeds - Ovary wall becomes the fruit

Question 35

What happens post fertallisation (plants)

Answer 35

Seed and fruit formation - After fertalisation the female pars of the flower develops into a fruit - Fertalised ovules become seeds - Ovary wall becomes the fruit

Question 36

What does motile mean

Answer 36

Moving or capable of moving spontanously