Species, Evolution, and Cells Flashcards
Species (2 definitions)
- group of organisms that are physically similar (distinct with stable descent)
- can interbreed in nature (Mayr 1940s, only works if sexually reproductive)
Linnean naming scheme
Gives each species a two word name staring with the genus capitalized and the species lowercase
What are the categories of the Linnean naming scheme in order?
Kingdom, name, class, order, family, genus, species
Spontaneous generation
cells/organisms are created from non-living substances
cell theory
every animal appears as a sum of vital units (cells), each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life
What are the components of cell theory?
all cells come from other cells (not spontaneous), all living organisms are made of cells
How do we know evolution occurred?
the age of the earth combined with fossils show that some species have disappeared while there are simultaneously new species and if not spontaneous generation then they must come from other species
Natural selection
Darwin and Wallace theorized; traits that lead to better reproduction and survived continue while others die out
Why would species evolve?
there is variation of traits within the population of individuals that make up a species; the traits are heritable; certain traits allow for better survival
Maggot experiment
meat was covered with a cheesecloth so nothing but air could get through, no maggots were there and disproved spontaneous generation
van Leeuwenhoek discovery
found single celled organisms which he called “animalcules” when looking through a microscope
Pasteur’s experiment
created a flask that lets air in and particles get trapped in it; broth did not contaminate while when flask broke broth did contaminate; disproved spontaneous generation
