Transcription and Translation

Question 1

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 1

variable sizes, turn DNA into RNA which then turns into proteins

Question 2

transcription unit

Answer 2

a region of DNA used as a template for a type of mRNA

Question 3

promoter

Answer 3

in DNA, nucleotides bound by RNA polymerase and cofactors, where transcription begins

Question 4

terminator

Answer 4

in DNA, around where transcription ends

Question 5

how is the use of promoters affected?

Answer 5

controlled by whether or not protein transcription factors bind to nearby DNA

Question 6

transcription factor proteins

Answer 6

can control transcription and bind to the DNA

Question 7

primary transcript

Answer 7

the transcribed DNA before it is mature mRNA

Question 8

mature mRNA

Answer 8

has capped 5’ ends, cleaved 3’ ends with polyA tails; modified to help stability, export, and binding

Question 9

5’ cap

Answer 9

adding special nucleotide which stabilizes mRNA and binds to ribosomes

Question 10

polyA tail

Answer 10

long stretch of As added to the 3’ end; binds proteins that help stabilize RNA and export form nucleus

Question 11

exon

Answer 11

parts that remain after sections are removed from mRNA

Question 12

intron

Answer 12

parts removed from mature mRNA

Question 13

spliceosome

Answer 13

proteins and snRNA tha remove introns

Question 14

snRNA

Answer 14

bind, recognize specific nucleotides at exon-intron junctions