Safety Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What is the historical perspective of the safety movement?

A

Babylonians, Greece, Romans, Bernando Ramazzini

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2
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the safety movement?

A

Substitutions of machines for human skills, inventions of new methods of manufacturing, work in large units

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3
Q

What is organized labor?

A

Organized labor has fought for safer working conditions and compensation for injured workers
· Overturned anti-labor laws

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4
Q

What is the fellow servant rule?

A

-anti-labor laws
-employers were not liable for workplace injuries that resulted from the negligence of other employees

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5
Q

What is contributory negligence?

A

-anti-labor laws
-if actions of employees contributed to their own injuries

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6
Q

What is the assumption of risk?

A

-Anti-labor law
-Workers who accept a job assume the

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7
Q

What was the 1911 Triangle Shirt waist company?

A
  • Took place in downtown New York
  • A fire broke out on the 8th floor due to cigarettes in the trash - 600 migrant workers, and 146 people died
  • fire exits blocked or closed off
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8
Q

What was the 1930’S Hawk’s nest? (silica & silicosis)

A
  • many workers are unemployed
  • people were exposed to silica dust in the tunnel which got into their lungs and scarred them to the point they could no longer breathe
  • people dying in less than 1 year (700-1000)
  • had respirators but didn’t give them to workers
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9
Q

What were the 1964 asbestos findings?

A

-good heat-protecting properties so people start using it in insulation
-scientists discover long-term concerns in 1930’s -Releases fine needles
-Not until 1989 that asbestos is banned

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10
Q

What happened in 1984 Bhopal India?

A

-mass release of MIC 3000 fatalities and 750,000 exposures
-In 1984, a US chemical manufacturer in India released 27-40 tons of MIC (pesticide)
-Union Carbide charged with criminal negligence, corporate.
prejudice, and avoidance (avoiding safety rules in U.S.) -Knew danger but wanted to save money

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11
Q

Who was Herbert William Heinrich?

A

-Industrial safety pioneer
·Worked at an insurance company and studied accident reports completed by supervisors

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12
Q

Why did accidents occur based on Heinrich’s theory?

A

-88% of accidents are the result of unsafe acts of workers, and 10% from unsafe conditions
- For every 300 misses, there will be 1 major injury
-Called blame the people theory

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13
Q

What did Fred Manuele’s article in 2011 say about Heinrich’s theory?

A

· Linear Model that doesn’t explain complex accidents (simplistic approach)
· Focused mainly on unsafe acts (the worker)
· Lack of validation (replication of work and validation of data)
· The 30:29:1 ratio should not be considered a safety law
· Major accidents cannot necessarily be controlled by near misses

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