Safety Movement Flashcards
What is the historical perspective of the safety movement?
Babylonians, Greece, Romans, Bernando Ramazzini
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the safety movement?
Substitutions of machines for human skills, inventions of new methods of manufacturing, work in large units
What is organized labor?
Organized labor has fought for safer working conditions and compensation for injured workers
· Overturned anti-labor laws
What is the fellow servant rule?
-anti-labor laws
-employers were not liable for workplace injuries that resulted from the negligence of other employees
What is contributory negligence?
-anti-labor laws
-if actions of employees contributed to their own injuries
What is the assumption of risk?
-Anti-labor law
-Workers who accept a job assume the
What was the 1911 Triangle Shirt waist company?
- Took place in downtown New York
- A fire broke out on the 8th floor due to cigarettes in the trash - 600 migrant workers, and 146 people died
- fire exits blocked or closed off
What was the 1930’S Hawk’s nest? (silica & silicosis)
- many workers are unemployed
- people were exposed to silica dust in the tunnel which got into their lungs and scarred them to the point they could no longer breathe
- people dying in less than 1 year (700-1000)
- had respirators but didn’t give them to workers
What were the 1964 asbestos findings?
-good heat-protecting properties so people start using it in insulation
-scientists discover long-term concerns in 1930’s -Releases fine needles
-Not until 1989 that asbestos is banned
What happened in 1984 Bhopal India?
-mass release of MIC 3000 fatalities and 750,000 exposures
-In 1984, a US chemical manufacturer in India released 27-40 tons of MIC (pesticide)
-Union Carbide charged with criminal negligence, corporate.
prejudice, and avoidance (avoiding safety rules in U.S.) -Knew danger but wanted to save money
Who was Herbert William Heinrich?
-Industrial safety pioneer
·Worked at an insurance company and studied accident reports completed by supervisors
Why did accidents occur based on Heinrich’s theory?
-88% of accidents are the result of unsafe acts of workers, and 10% from unsafe conditions
- For every 300 misses, there will be 1 major injury
-Called blame the people theory
What did Fred Manuele’s article in 2011 say about Heinrich’s theory?
· Linear Model that doesn’t explain complex accidents (simplistic approach)
· Focused mainly on unsafe acts (the worker)
· Lack of validation (replication of work and validation of data)
· The 30:29:1 ratio should not be considered a safety law
· Major accidents cannot necessarily be controlled by near misses