Safety Movement

Question 1

What is the historical perspective of the safety movement?

Answer 1

Babylonians, Greece, Romans, Bernando Ramazzini

Question 2

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the safety movement?

Answer 2

Substitutions of machines for human skills, inventions of new methods of manufacturing, work in large units

Question 3

What is organized labor?

Answer 3

Organized labor has fought for safer working conditions and compensation for injured workers
· Overturned anti-labor laws

Question 4

What is the fellow servant rule?

Answer 4

-anti-labor laws
-employers were not liable for workplace injuries that resulted from the negligence of other employees

Question 5

What is contributory negligence?

Answer 5

-anti-labor laws
-if actions of employees contributed to their own injuries

Question 6

What is the assumption of risk?

Answer 6

-Anti-labor law
-Workers who accept a job assume the

Question 7

What was the 1911 Triangle Shirt waist company?

Answer 7

• Took place in downtown New York
• A fire broke out on the 8th floor due to cigarettes in the trash - 600 migrant workers, and 146 people died
• fire exits blocked or closed off

Question 8

What was the 1930’S Hawk’s nest? (silica & silicosis)

Answer 8

• many workers are unemployed
• people were exposed to silica dust in the tunnel which got into their lungs and scarred them to the point they could no longer breathe
• people dying in less than 1 year (700-1000)
• had respirators but didn’t give them to workers

Question 9

What were the 1964 asbestos findings?

Answer 9

-good heat-protecting properties so people start using it in insulation
-scientists discover long-term concerns in 1930’s -Releases fine needles
-Not until 1989 that asbestos is banned

Question 10

What happened in 1984 Bhopal India?

Answer 10

-mass release of MIC 3000 fatalities and 750,000 exposures
-In 1984, a US chemical manufacturer in India released 27-40 tons of MIC (pesticide)
-Union Carbide charged with criminal negligence, corporate.
prejudice, and avoidance (avoiding safety rules in U.S.) -Knew danger but wanted to save money

Question 11

Who was Herbert William Heinrich?

Answer 11

-Industrial safety pioneer
·Worked at an insurance company and studied accident reports completed by supervisors

Question 12

Why did accidents occur based on Heinrich’s theory?

Answer 12

-88% of accidents are the result of unsafe acts of workers, and 10% from unsafe conditions
- For every 300 misses, there will be 1 major injury
-Called blame the people theory

Question 13

What did Fred Manuele’s article in 2011 say about Heinrich’s theory?

Answer 13

· Linear Model that doesn’t explain complex accidents (simplistic approach)
· Focused mainly on unsafe acts (the worker)
· Lack of validation (replication of work and validation of data)
· The 30:29:1 ratio should not be considered a safety law
· Major accidents cannot necessarily be controlled by near misses