Industrial Hygiene

Question 1

What is industrial hygiene?

Answer 1

-Science and art devoted to anticipation, recognition evaluation, and control of those environmental factors and stresses arising in or from the workplace

-hazards you cannot see (noise, viruses, etc)

Question 2

What do industrial hygienist look at?

Answer 2

-Health issues rather than just safety
-Illnesses rather than just injuries

solve problems you can’t see

Question 3

Who was the father of industrial hygiene?

Answer 3

-Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714)
-father of industrial hygiene
-He associated diseases with various occupations

Question 4

What are industrial hazard in the workplace?

Answer 4

-Chemical hazards
-Physical hazards
-Biological hazards
-Ergonomic hazards

Question 5

What are chemical hazards?

Answer 5

-Gases vapors, dust, fumes, and smoke

Question 6

What are physical hazards?

Answer 6

-non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures, and pressures

Question 7

What are biological hazards?

Answer 7

-insects, mold, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and viruses

Question 8

What are ergonomic hazards?

Answer 8

-workstation design, repetitive motion, improper, lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions

Question 9

What are examples of airborne contaminants?

Answer 9

-Dusts -Particulate – mechanical

-Smoke -Particulate/gas/vapor - combustion

-Fumes -particulate –volatilized metal

-Mists -tiny water droplets
-Vapors -Evaporative of liquid

-Gases -formless stuff

-Aerosols -Atomized particulate

Question 10

What is the entry of toxicity?

Answer 10

– Inhalation
– Absorption
– ingestion
– Injection

Question 11

What does toxicity depend on?

Answer 11

– The type of substance
– The amount (dose) absorbed
– The period of time over which it is absorbed
– this susceptibility/sensitivity of the person exposed

Question 12

What are key terminologies in industrial hygiene?

Answer 12

Narcotics & anesthetics
-CNS inhibitors
-acetone, MEK, ether, chloroform

Carcinogens
-causes malignant, tumors or neoplastic growth
-Coal tar pitch, creosote oil, arsenic, chromium, nickel compound benzene

-Respiratory hazard – asbestosis (ACM)
-friable– easily crumbled in the hand
-Insulation, building products

Question 13

What are different measurement straggles for industrial hygiene?

Answer 13

– Air sampling
– gas/vapor/fumes-gas detector, Drager pump
– Dust-suction pump
– Noise sampling
– Noise level- dosimeter, SLM
– Temperature
– Heat - WGBT, hydrothermometer
– Anthropometric
– Lightning - Lux meter

Question 14

What is the permissible exposure limit (PEL)?

Answer 14

permissible exposure limit set by OSHA

Question 15

What is the American conference of governmental industrial hygienists (ACHIH)

Answer 15

-made significant contributions to chemical exposure standards -Publishes threshold limit values (TLV)
-Often these TLV’s lead to OSHA permissible exposure limits (PEL)

Question 16

What are threshold limit values (TLV)?

Answer 16

-ACHIH
- based on science - guidelines

Question 17

What are permissible exposure limits (PEL)?

Answer 17

• OSHA
• Has the force of law

Question 18

Threshold limit values (TLV)?

Answer 18

TLV - airborne concentrations, to which nearly all workers may be routinely exposed without adverse health effects

TWA- time waited average: based on an eight hour exposure and assumes a 40 hour work week

-STEL- short term exposure limit: (4/15/60) (time between 1, 2, 3, & 4 exposure

-C- ceiling limit: (should never be exceeded)

-IDLH- immediately dangerous to life and health

Question 19

Time weight average equation

Answer 19

look at notes