Chapter 3

Question 1

known as the structural and functional unit of life as all living beings are formed of cells.

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

basic components of cells

Answer 2

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

Question 3

contains DNA

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

cellular contents between plasma membrane & nucleus

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

selective barrier

Answer 5

cell membrane

Question 6

controls what moves in and out of the cell, is selectively permeable

Answer 6

plasma membrane

Question 7

plasma membrane has phospholipid bilayer which is…

Answer 7

• Water-soluble “heads” form surfaces
  (hydrophilic)
• Water-insoluble “tails” form interior
  (hydrophobic)

Question 8

permeable to lipid-soluble substances

Answer 8

phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

what stabilizes the membrane

Answer 9

cholesterol

Question 10

a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

composition of cytoplasm

Answer 11

water, salts, protein

Question 12

a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s
chromosomes.

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

porous double membrane, separates nucleoplasm from
cytoplasm

Answer 13

nuclear envelope

Question 14

dense collection of RNA and proteins, site of ribosome production

Answer 14

nucleolus

Question 15

fibers of DNA and proteins, stores information for
synthesis of proteins

Answer 15

chromatin

Question 16

the central dogma

Answer 16

replication, transcription, translation

Question 17

a double stranded nucleic acid is duplicated to give identical copies. this process perpetuates the genetic information.

Answer 17

replication

Question 18

a DNA segment that constitutes a gene is read and transcribed into a single stranded sequence of RNA. the RNA moves from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Answer 18

transcription

Question 19

the RNA sequence is translated into a sequence of amino
acids as the protein is formed.

Answer 19

translation

Question 20

how many bases at a time is read during translation from the RNA and how many amino acids they are translated to

Answer 20

three bases, one amino acid

Question 21

a complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and
proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in cells.

Answer 21

ribosome

Question 22

responsible for translating encoded messages from messenger RNA molecules to synthesize proteins from amino acids.

Answer 22

ribosome

Question 23

connected, membrane-bound sacs, canals, and vesicles; transport system

Answer 23

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

studded with ribosomes

Answer 24

rough ER

Question 25

lipid synthesis. added to proteins arriving from rough ER. break down drugs

Answer 25

smooth ER

Question 26

stack of flattened, membranous sacs. modifies, packages
and delivers proteins

Answer 26

golgi apparatus

Question 27

membranous sacs, store substances

Answer 27

vesicles

Question 27

membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.

Answer 27

mitochondria

Question 28

contain their own small chromosomes

Answer 28

mitochondria

Question 29

source of mitochondrial DNA

Answer 29

from the mama

Question 30

enzyme-containing sacs; break down organic molecules; detoxifies alcohol

Answer 30

peroxisomes

Question 31

enzyme-containing sacs; digest worn out cell parts or unwanted substances

Answer 31

lysosomes

Question 32

two rod-like centrioles; used to produce cilia and flagella; distributes chromosomes during cell division

Answer 32

centrosome

Question 33

thin rods and tubules
* Support cytoplasm
* Allows for movement of
* organelles

Answer 33

microfilaments and microtubules