Airway Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What does the lower airway consist of?

A

Trachea, left and right mainstem bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

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2
Q

The diaphragm is activated by which nerve?

A

The phrenic nerve (C3-C5).

“C3,4,5 Keep the diaphram alive”

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3
Q

Which parts of the airway do NOT participate in gas exchange, and what part of the airway is this called?

A

The following do not participate in gas exchange:
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Bronchi
This is called the ‘Dead Space’.

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4
Q

What’s the equation for minute volume?

A

Minute Volume = Tidal Volume x Ventilatory Rate per minute

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5
Q

What specialized cells are responsible for detecting changes in partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and partial pressure arterial oxygen (PaO2)? Where are these cells located?

A

Central chemoreceptors. They are found in the medulla oblongata.

Ventilation is primarily controlled this way. If PaCO2 is up, chemoreceptors stimulate the respiratory center to increase the depth and frequency of breaths, thus eliminating CO2.

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6
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for a child 6-11 years old?

A

20-25

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7
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for an infant 0-6 months?

A

30-60

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8
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for an infant 6-12 months?

A

24-30

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9
Q

What lung sound is inspiratory and wet?

A

Crackles (Rales)

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10
Q

What lung sound is inspiratory and “musical”?

A

Stridor

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11
Q

What lung sound in expiratory and “musical”?

A

Wheezing

Indicates bronchoconstriction.

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12
Q

What lung sound is expiratory and wet?

A

Rhonchi

Similar to snoring and indicate secretions in the airway.

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13
Q

Early signs of hypoxia…

A

-Restless, anxious, irritable
-Tachycardia and tachypnea

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14
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

The collapse of one or more parts of the lung, affecting the expansion of alveoli.

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15
Q

Late signs of hypoxia…

A

-Decreased LOC
-Severe dyspnea
-Cyanosis
-Bradycardia (esp is peds.)

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16
Q

Describe Kussmaul respirations.

A

Deep, gasping breaths; indicates possible DKA.

17
Q

Describe Cheye-Stokes respirations.

A

Progressively deeper and faster breaths, changing to slower and shallow breaths; indicates brain injury.

18
Q

What could high ETCO2 indicate?

A

Possible hypoventilation

19
Q

Would could low ETCO2 indicate?

A

Possible hyperventilation

20
Q

What could a sharp drop in ETCO2 indicate?

A

Possible pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, hypotension, or hyperventilation.

21
Q

What are some indications for the use of CPAP?

A

-Significant respiratory distress; inluding sleep apnea, COPD, pulmonary edema, CHF, pneumonia.
-Candidates should demonstrate tachypnea, Spo2 below 94%, and use of accessory muscles.

22
Q

What are some contraindications for the use of CPAP?

A

-Apnea
-Suspected Pneumothorax
-Chest trauma
-Hypotension
-Patients unable to follow commands
-Vomiting