Airway Flashcards
What does the lower airway consist of?
Trachea, left and right mainstem bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
The diaphragm is activated by which nerve?
The phrenic nerve (C3-C5).
“C3,4,5 Keep the diaphram alive”
Which parts of the airway do NOT participate in gas exchange, and what part of the airway is this called?
The following do not participate in gas exchange:
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Bronchi
This is called the ‘Dead Space’.
What’s the equation for minute volume?
Minute Volume = Tidal Volume x Ventilatory Rate per minute
What specialized cells are responsible for detecting changes in partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and partial pressure arterial oxygen (PaO2)? Where are these cells located?
Central chemoreceptors. They are found in the medulla oblongata.
Ventilation is primarily controlled this way. If PaCO2 is up, chemoreceptors stimulate the respiratory center to increase the depth and frequency of breaths, thus eliminating CO2.
What is a normal respiratory rate for a child 6-11 years old?
20-25
What is a normal respiratory rate for an infant 0-6 months?
30-60
What is a normal respiratory rate for an infant 6-12 months?
24-30
What lung sound is inspiratory and wet?
Crackles (Rales)
What lung sound is inspiratory and “musical”?
Stridor
What lung sound in expiratory and “musical”?
Wheezing
Indicates bronchoconstriction.
What lung sound is expiratory and wet?
Rhonchi
Similar to snoring and indicate secretions in the airway.
Early signs of hypoxia…
-Restless, anxious, irritable
-Tachycardia and tachypnea
What is atelectasis?
The collapse of one or more parts of the lung, affecting the expansion of alveoli.
Late signs of hypoxia…
-Decreased LOC
-Severe dyspnea
-Cyanosis
-Bradycardia (esp is peds.)
