Trauma

Question 1

3 main ways we manage trauma patients during the primary survey?

Answer 1

1. Maintain adequate airway (patent, protected) and ventilation (moving air) providing adequate oxygen to the red blood cells.
2. Assisting ventilation with judicious use of supplemental O2.
3. Maintain adequate circulation, thus perfusing tissue cells with oxygenated blood.

Question 2

How much blood volume per kg in pediatric patients?

Answer 2

70-75 mL/kg (25 kg= 1.7L, 50 kg=3.5L)

Question 3

How much blood volume in an adult?

Answer 3

4.5-5.7 Liters

Question 4

What is Hypoxia?

Answer 4

-Low oxygen content in the bodily tissues

Question 5

What is Hypoxemia?

Answer 5

-Low oxygen content in the blood

Question 6

What is Ischemia?

Answer 6

-Insufficient blood flow to provide oxygen

Question 7

What do patients with valvular disruption develop rapidly? How is it manifested? What will give you a clue to its presence?

Answer 7

-Congestive heart failure.
-Pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock.
-New heart murmur

Question 8

What is transmural pressure?

Answer 8

The difference between the pressure within the vessel and the pressure outside the vessel. Important for hemorrhage control.

Question 9

What is extramural pressure?

Answer 9

The force exerted against the wall of the blood vessel from the outside (such as a hand or a dressing).

Question 10

How many types of blasts are there? What are they called?

Answer 10

There are 5 types of blasts:
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
- Quinary

Question 11

What types of injuries would you expect to see with a tertiary blast?

Answer 11

Tertiary blasts propel individuals onto surfaces/objects or vice versa. You’d find blunt injuries, fractures, compartment syndrome, or crush syndrome.