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Biology (Semester 2) > Fossil Formations > Flashcards

Fossil Formations Flashcards

1
Q

What are Fossils?

A

The remains of ancient animals, plants, or other organisms

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2
Q

What do fossils show/indicate?

A

-Activities of Organisms
-The size of animals (this can be indicated by their teeth and bones)
-What they ate (this can be indicated by their teeth and bones)
-How they moved (this can be indicated by their teeth and bones)
-Climate and Geography (this can be indicated in the plants they find and where they find them)
-Past environments (by studying
the condition, position, and location of rocks and fossils)

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3
Q

What is Paleontology

A

The BRANCH OF BIOLOGY that studies the FORMS OF LIFE THAT EXSISTED BEFORE in former geologic periods BY STUDYING FOSSILS

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4
Q

What do paleontologists study?

A

FOSSILS

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5
Q

What are the three ways fossils can form?

A
  1. Dead animals are quickly buried by sinking in mud, being buried in sandstone, sand, etc.
    2.Over time, Sediment covers the remains of dead animals
  2. Dead animals et encased in the newly formed sediment
    MULTIPLE OUTCOMES CAN HAPPEN AT THIS POINT
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6
Q

What is the chemical reaction that occurs in BONES/BODIES during the fossilization process

A

As bones slowly decay WATER INFUSES WITH MINERALS SEEP IN INTO THE BONE replacing the chemicals in the bone with ROCK LIKE MINERALS

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7
Q

What does the process of fossilization involve?

A

The DISSOLVIN AND REPLACEMENT of the original minerals in the object with other minerals

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8
Q

What does the process of fossilization result in?

A

A HEAVY, ROCK-LIKE STRUCTURE of the original object/ FOSSIL that has the SAME SHAPE as the ORIGIONAL OBJECT but is CHEMICALY MORE LIKE A ROCK

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9
Q

What are the FIVE types of fossils?

A
  1. Mold Fossils
  2. Cast Fossils
  3. Trace Fossils
  4. Petrified/ Permineralized Fossils
  5. Amber preserved/ Frozen Fossils
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10
Q

Describe MOLD FOSSILS

A

A FOSSILISED IMPRRESSION made IN the SEDIMENT/an empty space (like a negative image of the organism)

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11
Q

Describe CAST FOSSILS

A

FORMS WHEN MOLDS ARE FILLED IN

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12
Q

Describe TRACE FOSSILS

A

Any INDIRECT EVIDENCE left by an animal (FOSSILISED NESTS, GASTROLITHS, BURROWS, FOOT PRINTS, ETC.)

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13
Q

Describe PETREFIED/PERMINERALIZED FOSSILS

A

Petrified: Minerals PENETRATE and REPLACE the HARD PARTS OF THE ORGANISM
Permineralized: VOID SPACES in original organisms fills with MINERALS

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14
Q

Describe AMBER PRESERVED/FROZEN FOSSILS

A

An ENTIRE ORGANISM can be TRAPPED in ICE OR TREE SAP that HARDENS into AMBER

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15
Q

What are Gastroliths?

A

ROCKS that AID DIEGESTION by BREAKING DOWN UNDIGESTABLE CELLULOSE

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16
Q

What eat Gastroliths?

A

Riohastorus ate these, modern birds eat these as well

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17
Q

What MUST!!!!!!! HAPPEN for fossils to start to form?

A

THEY HAVE TO BE DEAD

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18
Q

For fossils to decay nicely, what’s best for there to be a lack of?

A

There really should be a lack of oxygen

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19
Q

What geographical movements BENEFIT fossil formation?

A

Plate tectonics gently moving the earth

20
Q

What geographical movements are BAD for fossil formation?

A

-Big mountains up lifting the earth
-Subduction (This will melt the fossils into lava)

21
Q

What are ways Fossils will not form/ what has to happen

A

-The ANIMAL is EATEN or ROTS and no fossil is formed (happens during first step)
-The ANIMAL ROTS (happens during second step)

22
Q

During the FIRST step of fossil formation, what is required?

A

A QUICK BURIAL in MUD, SAND, ETC. and it ENCASES Body in SEDIMENT

23
Q

During the SECOND step of fossil formation, what is required?

A

Perfect temperature, pressure, acidity, chemical composition of the sediment, moisture levels, etc.

24
Q

Most animals did not fossilize, they simply…..

A

DECAYED and were LOST from the fossil record

25
Q

Why are most fossils rock colored?

A

BECAUSE THEY ARE LITERALLY ROCKS!!!

26
Q

Most fossils are preserved in ………….(types of sedimentary rocks)

A

Shale, Limestone, Sandstone

27
Q

Where are good places to look for fossils?

A

Cliffs
Rock Outcroppings
Canyons
Badlands
Etc.
ANY PLACE TAT WAS NOT OCEAN BECAUSE DINOSAURS ONLY LIVED ON LAND duh

28
Q

What are the MAJOR time segments in earth’s history?

A

-Precambrian
-Paleozoic
-Mesozoic
-Cenozoic

29
Q

Out of the 4 MAJOR segments in earth’s history, which ISN’T CLASSIFIED AS AN ERA

A

Precambrian

30
Q

How old is the earth

A

4.6 billion years

31
Q

How do we find/make evidence

A

By examining/ testing rocks, rock layers, and fossils

32
Q

Define Era

A

A large division of the time scale that represents a long period of time

33
Q

What differentiates eras?

A

Organisms that lived during that time period and Mass extinctions

34
Q

Explain Stromatolites

A

Dome shaped creatures that are evidence of the existence of photosynetic organisms during Precambrian

34
Q

Precambrian accounts for what percent of the earth’s history timeline

A

87%

34
Q

What rock are the oldest fossils found in? And how old are they

A

Found in Precambrian rocks that are 3-4 billion years old and are found in Australia

35
Q

What was the significant about unicellular prokaryotes?

A

-They appear to have been the only life forms of the time
-Started producing oxygen by converting Carbon dioxide and Water into oxygen

35
Q

By the end of the Precambrian what filled and diversified the oceans ?

A

Multicellular eukaryotes like sponges and jelly fish

35
Q

eukaryotic organisms evolved______years ago

A

2.1 billion

35
Q

What era did the greatest extinction caused by an eruption occur in

A

Paleozoic

35
Q

What era did the Cambrian explosion occur in

A

Paleozoic

35
Q

When did seeds appear

A

Paleozoic era

35
Q

What era saw worms, sea stars, and arthropods in the oceans

A

Cambrian/ Paleozoic

35
Q

What era did the oldest animals with back bones and 4 legs appear

A

Paleozoic

36
Q

What era did small mouse like mammals appear, birds evolve, and flowers bean to flourish

A

Mesozoic

36
Q

What era did the meteorite extinction happen in

A

Mesozoic

36
Q

What era did Pangea start to break apart in

A

Mesozoic

Biology (Semester 2) (29 decks)

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