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Biology (Semester 2) > CHAPTER 20 Fungi notes > Flashcards

CHAPTER 20 Fungi notes Flashcards

1
Q

What were fungi originally classified as? Why?

A

Plants; Because they grow in ANCHORED soil and have cell walls

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2
Q

Fungi are ______ and widespread

A

Diverse

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3
Q

Why are fungi essential for the well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems?

A

Because they:
- Break down organic material
- Recycle nutrients

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4
Q

How many species of fungi are there?

A

100,000 +

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5
Q

Most fungi are _________ and share a common mode of nutrition

A

Multicellular

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6
Q

Are fungi mostly Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

A

Eukaryotic

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7
Q

Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic

A

Heterotrophic

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8
Q

As well as being heterotrophic, fungi are…..

A

Saprotrophic (they eat dead things)

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9
Q

How do fungi absorb nutrients

A

1: Cells release digestive enzymes into the fungi’s food source
2: The cells absorb the resultant nutrient molecules

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10
Q

True or False: Some fungi are parasitic

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: All fungi are non-flagellated

A

False; MOST are non-flagellated (NOT ALL)

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12
Q

True or False: Several fungi have mutualistic relationships

A

True

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13
Q

What is a mutualistic (also known as symbiotic) relationship?

A

A relationship where both organisms benefit from the relationship

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14
Q

What do plants, animals, and fungi trace their ancestry to?

A

PROTISTS

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15
Q

When did fungi evolve?

A

1.5 billion years ago

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16
Q

Molecular data tells that _____ and fungi shared a common ancestor ______ plants evolved

A

Animals; after

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17
Q

True or False: Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is related to plants

A

True

18
Q

What were the most likely to be commo ancestor of fungi?

A

Flagellated Unicellular Protists

19
Q

Is the BODY of fungi mostly unicellular or multicellular

A

Multicellular

20
Q

True or False: Yeast’s are multicellular

A

False; They are actually unicellular

21
Q

What does a mycelium consist of

A

A vast network of thread-like hyphae (like filaments)

22
Q

What does the mycelium give the fungi?

A

A large surface area per unit volume

23
Q

What do SEPTATE FUNGI have that makes them different

A

They have hyphae that contain cross walls called SEPTA

24
Q

What are SEPTA

A

(Hyphae containing) Cross walls

25
Q

True or False: Non-septate fungi are multinucleated

A

True

26
Q

True or False: Hyphae grow from the cap

A

False; They grow from the tip

27
Q

What are the cell walls of hyphae made up of

A

Chitin (Which is what hard shelled animals shells are made up of)

28
Q

In fungi, what is the excess food stored as?

A

Glycogen

29
Q

How are spores produced by fungi?

A
  1. Fungi gets nutrients from eating food
  2. As the food source is depleted , different mating types of hypha may reach each other and produce a sporangium
  3. Meiosis will take place here, producing and protecting spores
30
Q

What are the advantages of spores (3)

A
  • They are easy and light weight making them easily dispersible
  • There is a protection from drying out
  • Huge numbers of spores are produced at a time (billions to trillions)
31
Q

Sexual reproduction of spores involves what three stages? (3)

A
  • Haploid= Hyphae
  • Dikaryotic= Stage
  • Diploid= Zygote
32
Q

True or False: In the process of preproducing spores, both sexual and asexual reproduction take place

A

True

33
Q

True or False: Asexual reproduction can occur in some fungi like yeast (Budding)

A

True

34
Q

What does fragmentation do for a hyphae?

A

If a hyphae is cut, then fragmentation allows for it to regenerate into a new fungus which will grow a new mycelium

35
Q

What are hyphae that contain paired haploid nuclei said to be?

A

Dikaryotic (it can remain this way for a while)

35
Q

When will two different hyphae fuse?

A

During sexual reproduction (hyphae from two different mating types fuse)

36
Q

What does nuclear fusion produce?

A

Diploid nuclei

37
Q

What do diploid nuclei produce?

A

Zygotes

38
Q

What does a zygote produce

A

Zygospore

39
Q

After meiosis, what does a zygospore produce

A

Haploid spores that will be carried away by the wind

Biology (Semester 2) (29 decks)

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